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Wu Bangguo
吴邦国
Wu in 2012
8th Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress
In office 15 March 2003 – 14 March 2013
Deputy	Wang Zhaoguo
Preceded by	Li Peng
Succeeded by	Zhang Dejiang
Vice Premier of China
In office 18 March 1995 – 16 March 2003
Premier	Li Peng Zhu Rongji
Communist Party Secretary of Shanghai
In office 13 April 1991 – 28 September 1994
Deputy	Huang Ju (Mayor)
Preceded by	Zhu Rongji
Succeeded by	Huang Ju
Personal details
Born	(1941-07-22)22 July 1941 Pingba,Guizhou, China
Died	8 October 2024(2024-10-08) (aged 83) Beijing, China
Political party	Chinese Communist Party
Spouse	Zhang Ruizhen
Alma mater	Tsinghua University
Occupation	Electronics engineer
Chinese name
Simplified Chinese	吴邦国
Traditional Chinese	吳邦國
Transcriptions Standard Mandarin Hanyu Pinyin Wú Bāngguó

Wu Bangguo (22 July 1941 – 8 October 2024) was a Chinese politician who served as the second-ranking member of the Politburo Standing Committee of the Chinese Communist Party from 2002 to 2012, and as Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress from 2003 to 2013.

Wu was an electrical engineer by profession, and rose to political prominence during his work in Shanghai. During the early 1980s, he was in charge of science and technology related work in Shanghai, where he worked with Jiang Zemin, then mayor and later Communist Party secretary of the city, leading Wu to be affiliated with Jiang's political faction. He became Shanghai's party secretary in 1991, succeeding Zhu Rongji, leading him to assume a seat in the CCP Politburo in 1992.

He became the country's third-ranking Vice Premier of the State Council in 1995, with a portfolio including state-owned enterprises and the construction of the Three Gorges Dam. He joined the Politburo Standing Committee in 2002, and was appointed the Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress in 2003. Serving as one of the highest-ranking officials under Party general secretary Hu Jintao, Wu is generally regarded to have taken more conservative positions towards political reforms during his tenure. He stepped down from the Politburo Standing Committee in 2012, and was succeeded by Zhang Dejiang as Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress in 2013.

Early life

Wu was born in 22 July 1941, in Pingba, Guizhou, with ancestral roots in Feidong, Anhui. His father Wu Zhongxing was a cartographer working on map projection. He entered Tsinghua University in 1960, majoring in electron tube engineering at the Department of Radio Electronics, where he graduated in 1967. He joined the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) in 1964. After graduation, he was employed as a worker and technician at Shanghai's No. 3 Electronic Tube Factory, and then deputy chief and chief of the technical section from 1976 to 1978. He would eventually go on to lead the factory as its party secretary. In 1978 he was assigned to become the deputy manager of Shanghai Electronic Elements Company, and between 1979 and 1981 the deputy manager of Shanghai Electron Tube Company. Between 1981 and 1983 he worked as the deputy secretary of Shanghai Meters, Instruments and Telecommunications Bureau.

Political career

Wu's work in electronics companies earned him a tenure in the city's upper echelons of power. He became part of the Standing Committee of the Shanghai party committee in 1983, effectively becoming part of Shanghai's political inner circle, and was put in charge of work related to science and technology. During this time, he worked with Jiang Zemin, who was mayor and later the CCP secretary of the city. Between 1985 and 1991, Wu was elevated to CCP deputy secretary of Shanghai, and subsequently as CCP secretary of Shanghai, succeeding Jiang. During his tenure in Shanghai, he was seen as the official most responsible for developing the Pudong New Area.

As Shanghai's political and economic stature grew due to economic reforms, Wu gained a seat on the Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party, China's ruling council, in 1992. He was subsequently appointed the third-ranking vice premier in 1995 under premier Li Peng. During this period, he served in a portfolio dealing with industry and reforming state-owned enterprises, and also oversaw the Three Gorges Dam. He continued as vice premier under Zhu Rongji, and served as the role until 2003.

Chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress

At the 16th Party Congress in November 2002, Wu entered the highest power elite in the country, ranking second in the Politburo Standing Committee of the Chinese Communist Party, only under then general secretary Hu Jintao. In 2003, at the first session of the 10th National People's Congress, he was appointed as the chairman of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress. At the first session of the 11th National People's Congress, he was re-elected as Chairman of the NPC Standing Committee on 15 March 2008, becoming the first person to serve as the NPCSC Chair for more than two terms since Zhu De.

During his tenure, Wu was generally regarded as a member of the Shanghai clique and an associate of Jiang Zemin, generally taking a conservative approach towards reform. He was also described as having a low-key profile during his time in office.

During a speech about the Hong Kong Basic Law in the territory in June 2007, Wu warned that Hong Kong will only have as much authority as granted from Beijing, and that the Special Administrative Region's government is an executive-led model and should not blindly follow Western systems. He also stated that the Central Government supported Hong Kong's development of democracy, so long as it is within the boundaries of the Hong Kong Basic Law. Although the remarks were left open to interpretation, they generated significant controversy in Hong Kong, with pro-democracy politicians calling it a challenge on the autonomy of the territory.

In his capacity as NPCSC chair, Wu delivered an annual address each year at the National People's Congress sessions in March. These speeches have always noted that China will not adopt multiparty democracy, separation of powers, or a federal system. In 2011, Wu proposed the "five don'ts (五不搞) by declaring that "e have made a solemn declaration that we will not employ a system of multiple parties holding office in rotation, diversification of guiding ideology, separation of powers and bicameralism, federalism or privatization".

On 16 July 2012, Wu attended the launch ceremony of Shenzhou 9 crewed spacecraft.

Wu retired from the CCP Politburo Standing Committee at the 18th Party Congress in November 2012, and was succeeded as NPCSC chairman by Zhang Dejiang in March 2013. In his last speech as the NPCSC chair, he said that "we will absolutely not copy models in the Western political system".

Post-retirement

Similar to other retired top-ranking officials in China, Wu stopped making public appearances except to attend important events such as the National Day celebration. In March 2015, Wu was pictured visiting a rapeseed farm in Wuyuan, Jiangxi province.

Wu died at 4:36 am on 8 October 2024, at the age of 83. A farewell ceremony was held on 14 October; Xi Jinping, Li Qiang, Zhao Leji, Wang Huning, Cai Qi, Ding Xuexiang, Li Xi, Han Zheng and other leaders paid their final respects at the Babaoshan Revolutionary Cemetery, while Hu Jintao sent a wreath. His body was cremated on the same day. National flags were flown at half-mast at Chinese government buildings, diplomatic missions, and in Hong Kong and Macau.

References

1. ^ "吴邦国同志生平" [Biography of Comrade Wu Bangguo]. Retrieved 14 October 2024.
2. "Wu Bangguo: I have many stories in Guizhou" (in Chinese). China Economic Net. 6 March 2008.
3. 王盛水 (2012). "胸中自有万里江山——记测绘制图学家吴忠性". 江淮文史 (6). 安徽省政协文化文史和学习委员会: 109–123. ISSN 1005-572X.
4. ^ Dang, Yuanyue (8 October 2024). "Wu Bangguo, formerly China's No 2 official, dies at age 83". South China Morning Post. Retrieved 8 October 2024.
5. ^ "Wu Bangguo: Vice-Premier". BBC News. Retrieved 18 June 2023.
6. "Wu Bangguo reelected chairman of NPC Standing Committee". Xinhua News Agency. 15 March 2008. Archived from the original on 20 March 2008. Retrieved 18 June 2023.
7. Lin, Xia (15 July 2015). "盘点历任全国人大常委会委员长：叶剑英彭真上任时最年长" [Review of the past chairmen of the NPC Standing Committee: Ye Jianying and Peng Zhen were the oldest when they took office]. The Paper. Retrieved 15 October 2024.
8. ^ "Retired leader Wu Bangguo makes rare public appearance". South China Morning Post. 25 March 2015. Retrieved 18 June 2023.
9. ^ "Wu warning on limited power stuns Hong Kong". The Standard HK. 7 June 2007. Retrieved 31 March 2012.
10. ^ "吴邦国：中国不搞多党轮流执政" [Wu Bangguo: China does not practice the system of multiple parties holding office in rotation]. BBC News. 10 March 2011. Retrieved 8 October 2024.
11. "God nine astronauts launch soon enter the spacecraft cabin" (in Chinese). China News net. 2012.
12. "吴邦国同志遗体火化 习近平等到八宝山革命公墓送别" [Comrade Wu Bangguo's body was cremated, Xi Jinping arrived to bid farewell at the Babaoshan Revolutionary Cemetery]. State Council of the People's Republic of China. 14 October 2024. Retrieved 15 October 2024.
13. "Flags at half-mast to mourn Wu Bangguo's passing". RTHK. 14 October 2024. Retrieved 15 October 2024.

External links

• Wu Bangguo biography at China Vitae (online database of Chinese officials)

v t e 9th State Council of China
Zhu Rongji Cabinet (1998–2003)
Premier	Zhu Rongji (Party branch secretary)	Premier Zhu Rongji
Vice Premiers	Li Lanqing Qian Qichen Wu Bangguo Wen Jiabao
State Councilors	Chi Haotian Luo Gan Wu Yi♀ Ismail Amat Wang Zhongyu
Secretary-General	Wang Zhongyu
Ministers	01 Foreign Affairs Tang Jiaxuan 02 National Defense Chi Haotian 03 Development & Reform Commission Zeng Peiyan 04 State Economic & Trade Commission Sheng Huaren → Li Rongrong 05 Education Chen Zhili♀ 06 Science & Technology Zhu Lilan♀ → Xu Guanhua 07 Science, Technology & Industry for National Defense Liu Jibin 08 Ethnic Affairs Commission Li Dezhu 09 Public Security Jia Chunwang → Zhou Yongkang 10 State Security Xu Yongyue 11 Supervision He Yong 12 Civil Affairs Doje Cering 13 Justice Gao Changli → Zhang Fusen 14 Finance Xiang Huaicheng 15 Personnel Song Defu → Zhang Xuezhong → Zhang Bolin 16 Labor & Social Security Zhang Zuoji 17 Land & Resources Zhou Yongkang → Tian Fengshan 18 Construction Yu Zhengsheng → Wang Guangtao 19 Railways Fu Zhihuan 20 Transport Huang Zhendong → Zhang Chunxian 21 Information Industry Wu Jichuan 22 Water Resources Niu Maosheng → Wang Shucheng 23 Agriculture Chen Yaobang → Du Qinglin 24 Foreign Trade & Economic Cooperation Shi Guangsheng 25 Culture Sun Jiazheng 26 Health Zhang Wenkang 27 Family Planning Commission Zhang Weiqing
Central Bank Governor	Dai Xianglong → Zhou Xiaochuan
Auditor-General	Li Jinhua
♀: female

• Vice premiers of the People's Republic of China
• 1941 births
• 2024 deaths
• Chairmen of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress
• Chinese electrical engineers
• Chinese Communist Party politicians from Anhui
• Delegates to the 16th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party
• Delegates to the 17th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party
• Delegates to the 7th National People's Congress
• Delegates to the 8th National People's Congress
• Delegates to the 9th National People's Congress
• Delegates to the 10th National People's Congress
• Delegates to the 11th National People's Congress
• Members of the 14th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party
• Members of the 15th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party
• Members of the 16th Politburo Standing Committee of the Chinese Communist Party
• Members of the 17th Politburo Standing Committee of the Chinese Communist Party
• Members of the Secretariat of the Chinese Communist Party
• People's Republic of China politicians from Anhui
• Political office-holders in Shanghai
• Politicians from Hefei
• Tsinghua University alumni
• Secretaries of the Communist Party Shanghai Committee