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Sovereign states

Part of a series on the
History of Albania

Early History Origin of the Albanians Illyria Illyrians Macedonia Illyricum
Medieval Byzantine rule Bulgarian rule Principality of Arbanon Angevin Kingdom of Albania Principality of Albania Serbian rule Principalities League of Lezhë Venetian Albania
Early modern Principality of Mirdita Ottoman Albania Islamization of Albania Sanjak of Albania Sanjak of Scutari Sanjak of Dibra Scutari Vilayet Janina Vilayet Manastir Vilayet Kosovo Vilayet Pashaliks Massacre of the beys National Awakening Revolts of 1833–1839 Revolt of 1843–1844 Revolt of 1845 Revolt of 1847 League of Prizren League of Peja Revolt of 1910 Revolt of 1911 Battle of Deçiq Revolt of 1912 Albanian Vilayet Declaration of Independence
Late modern Independent Albania Provisional Government Congress of Trieste International Commission of Control Balkan Wars Principality Peasant Revolt World War I in Albania Republic of Central Albania Republic of Korçë Republic of Mirdita Italian protectorate (southern) Congress of Durrës Vlora War Congress of Lushnjë Italian protectorate June Revolution Principality (Regency) Albanian Republic Albanian Kingdom Albania under Italy German occupation of Albania World War II in Albania Second League of Prizren Liberation Day Socialist Albania
Contemporary Post-communism 1997 Albanian civil unrest Republic of Albania
Topics Art Constitution Economy Monarchs Military Names
Timeline
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Part of a series on the
History of Andorra

Middle Ages Marca Hispanica Urgell Paréage Crown of Aragon
Modern history New Reform and the Andorran Question Revolutionary Catalonia
Topics Cultural Heritage of Andorra
Andorra portal
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Part of a series on the
History of Armenia
Coat of Arms of Armenia
Prehistory Shulaveri–Shomu culture Kura–Araxes culture Legend of Hayk Trialeti–Vanadzor culture Armani Lchashen–Metsamor culture Hayasa-Azzi Arme–Shupria Mushki Urumu Nairi Confederation Urartu (Kingdom of Van) Etiuni
Antiquity Satrapy of Armenia Armenia Minor Kingdom of Armenia Armenian Empire Roman Armenia Christianization of Armenia Kingdom of Sophene Commagene Byzantine Armenia Sasanian Armenia Muslim conquest of Armenia
Middle Ages Emirate of Armenia Principality of Hamamshen Kingdom of Armenia Kingdom of Vaspurakan Kingdom of Tashir-Dzoraget Kingdom of Syunik Kingdom of Artsakh Zakarid Armenia Principality of Khachen Mongol Armenia Kingdom of Cilicia
Early modern age Iranian Armenia Five Melikdoms Ottoman Armenia Russian Armenia Armenian Oblast Armenian question Armenian genocide Western Armenia National movement
Modern age First Republic of Armenia Armenian S.S.R. Republic of Mountainous Armenia Contemporary Armenia Republic of Artsakh
Timeline • Origins • Etymology
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Part of a series on the
History of Austria

Early history Hallstatt culture Celts (Kingdom of Noricum) Roman Era (Noricum - Pannonia - Raetia) Rugiland Odoacer's Kingdom of Italy Ostrogothic Kingdom
Early Middle Ages Marcomanni - Lombards - Baiuvarii - Suebi Avars Carantania Frankish Kingdom East Francia Margraviate of Austria House of Babenberg Privilegium Minus
Middle Ages House of Habsburg Holy Roman Empire Prince-Archbishopric of Salzburg Duchy of Austria Duchy of Styria Duchy of Carinthia
Early modern period Archduchy of Austria Habsburg empire Austrian Empire German Confederation Austria-Hungary
World War I Assassination of Franz Ferdinand History of Austria-Hungary during World War I
Interwar years Republic of German-Austria First Austrian Republic Civil War Austrofascism Federal State of Austria Anschluss Ostmark (Austria)
World War II National Socialism
Post-war Austria Allied-occupied Austria Second Austrian Republic
Topics Jews (Vienna) Economic history Football Cricket Military history Rail transport Radio Liberalism Music Cinema Hinduism Islam
Timeline Austria portal
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Part of a series on the

History of Azerbaijan

Prehistory Stone Age • Bronze Age • Iron Age

Shulaveri–Shomu culture	c.6000–c.4000 BC
Chalcolithic culture of Nakhchivan	c.4945–c.3800 BC
Leyla-Tepe culture	c.4350–c.4000 BC
Kura–Araxes culture	c.3400–c.2000 BC
Nakhchivan culture	c.3000–c.2000 BC
Talish–Mughan culture	c.1400–c.700 BC
Khojaly–Gadabay culture	c.1300–c.700 BC

Antiquity

Kingdom of Iškuza	c.700 BC–c.590s BC
Achaemenid Empire	550 BC–330 BC
• Satrapy of Media	c.550 BC – 323 BC
Seleucid Empire	312 BC – 63 BC
Parthian Empire	247 BC – AD 224
Caucasian Albania	c.200 BC – c.AD 800
Roman Empire	27 BC – AD 395

Early Middle Ages

Sasanian Empire	224–651
• Satrapy of Albania	c.252–636
Khazar Khaganate	c.650–969
Rashidun Caliphate	632–661
• Islamic conquest	633–654
• Arran	c.650–705
Umayyad Caliphate	661–750
• Arran	c.650–705
• Emirate of Arminiya	705–884
Abbasid Caliphate	750–1258
• Emirate of Arminiya	705–884
Shirvanshahs	861–1538
Sajids	889–929
Shaddadids	951–1199
Sallarid dynasty	919–1062

High Middle Ages

Seljuk Empire	1037–1194
Khwarazmian Empire	1077–1231
Eldiguzids	1135–1225
Mongol Empire	1206–1368
Ilkhanate	1256–1335
Chobanids	1335–1357
Timurid Empire	1370–1507
Qara Qoyunlu	1374–1468
Aq Qoyunlu	1378–1503

Early modern history

Safavid Iran	1501–1736
• Safavid Shirvan	1501–1736
• Safavid Karabakh	1501–1747
• Chokhur-e Sa'd	1502–1736
Ottoman Empire	1299–1922
• Shirvan Eyalet [az]	1578–1607
• Ganja-Qarabagh Eyalet (I) [az]	1588–1606
• Revan Eyalet (I) [az]	1583–1604
• Nakhchivan Sanjak (I) [az]	1583–1604
• Ganja-Qarabagh Eyalet (II) [az]	1725–1735
• Revan Eyalet (II) [az]	1724–1736
• Nakhchivan Sanjak (II) [az]	1724–1736
• Tiflis Eyalet (II) [az]	1723–1735
• Kazak Sanjak (II) [az]	1723–1735
Afsharid Iran	1736–1796
• Division of Afsharid Empire	1747
Khanates of the Caucasus	1604–1844
• Elisu Sultanate	1604–1844
• Kazakh sultanate	1605–1801
• Djaro-Belokani	c.1600s–c.1800s
• Shaki Khanate	1743–1819
• Ganja Khanate	1747–1805
• Talysh Khanate	1747–1828
• Nakhichevan Khanate	1747–1828
• Qutqashen Sultanate	1747–1841
• Baku Khanate	1747–1806
• Shamshadil sultanate	1747–1801
• Quba Khanate	1747–1806
• Karabakh Khanate	1748–1822
• Treaty of Kurakchay	1805
• Shirvan Khanate	1748–1820
Zand dynasty	1751–1794
Qajar Iran	1789–1925
• Fourth Russo-Persian War	1804–1813
• Treaty of Gulistan	1813
• Fifth Russo-Persian War	1826–1828
• Treaty of Turkmenchay	1828
Russian Empire	1721–1917
• Second Russo-Persian War	1722–1723
• Caucasus Viceroyalty	1801–1917
• Baku Governorate	1846–1920
• Erivan Governorate	1849–1917
• Zakatal okrug	1859–1918
• Elizavetpol Governorate	1867–1920
• Special Transcaucasian Committee	1917

Modern history

Transcaucasian Commissariat	1917–1918
• March Days	1918
Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic	1918
Baku Commune	1918
Centrocaspian Dictatorship	1918
Republic of Aras	1918–1919
Mughan Soviet Republic	1919
Azerbaijan Democratic Republic	1918 - 1920
• Armenian–Azerbaijani War	1918–1920
• Battle of Baku	1918
• Red Army invasion of Azerbaijan	1920
Azerbaijan Socialist Soviet Republic	1920–1922
• Treaty of Kars	1921
Soviet Union	1922–1991
• Transcaucasian SFSR	1922–1936
• Azerbaijan SSR	1922–1936
• Azerbaijan SSR	1936–1991
• World War II	1941–1945
• Black January	1990
• Republic of Azerbaijan	1991

Contemporary history

Republic of Azerbaijan	1991–present
• I Nagorno-Karabakh War	1988–1994
• Bishkek Protocol	1994
• II Nagorno-Karabakh War	2020
• Ceasefire Agreement	2020

Topics

Historical regions

Azerbaijan portal

Part of a series on the
History of Belarus
Prehistory
Early Slavs
Middle ages
Kievan Rus' Principality of Polotsk Principality of Turov Golden Horde Grand Duchy of Lithuania
Early Modern
Early elective monarchy (1569–1648) Deluge and decline (1648–1764) Three partitions (1764–95) Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Partitions of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
Modern
Russian Empire (1795–1917) Belarusian People's Republic (from 1918) Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic (1919–91) West Belarus (1919–39) Republic of Belarus (from 1991)
Belarus portal
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Part of a series on the

History of Belgium

Prehistory

Neolithic flint mines of Spiennes

4300–2200 BC

Ancient

Belgae, Eburones & Treveri	~51 BC
Gallic Wars	58–50 BC
• Ambiorix's revolt	54–53 BC
Roman rule	51 BC–c.500 AD

Early Middle Ages

Franks
Merovingians	481–751
Carolingians	751–987
Prince-Bishopric of Liège	980–1789

Middle Ages

Franco-Flemish War	1297–1305
Burgundian rule	1384–1482
• Wars of Liège	1465–68
Habsburg rule	1482–1556

Early Modern

Northern Renaissance	15th–16th century
Spanish rule	1556–1714
• Seventeen Provinces	1549–81
• Dutch Revolt	1568–1648
• Southern Netherlands
Austrian rule	1714–93
• Brabant Revolution	1789–90
• Liège Revolution	1789–91
French rule	1793–1815

19th century

Dutch rule	1815–30
Belgian Revolution	1830–31
Reign of Leopold I	1831–65
• Treaty of London	1839
Reign of Leopold II	1865–1909
• School War	1879–84
• Congo Free State	1885–1908

20th and 21st centuries

Belgian Congo	1908–60
Reign of Albert I	1909–34
World War I	1914–18
• Invasion	1914
• Atrocities	1914
• German occupation	1914–18
Ruanda-Urundi	1922–62
Reign of Leopold III	1934–51
World War II	1940–45
• Invasion	1940
• German occupation	1940–44
• Holocaust	1941–44
Royal Question	1944–50
Reign of Baudouin	1951–93
Reign of Albert II	1993–2013
Reign of Philippe	2013~

Timeline • Military • Jewish history • LGBT

Belgium portal

Part of a series on the
History of Bosnia and Herzegovina

Early history Prehistory Neolithic cultures: (Kakanj / Butmir) Illyrian period (Glasinac culture / Central Bosnian culture) Roman Dalmatia Roman Pannonia
Middle Ages Bosnia in the Early Middle Ages (before 10th c.) Travunia - Zachumlia (~9th–14th c.) Banate (~1154–1377) - Kingdom (1377-1463) ("zemlje"/counties: Usora / Soli / Donji Kraji / Hum (Herzegovina from 1454) / Podrinje) Bosansko Krajište (1451-1463) Duchy of Herzegovina (1463–1482)
Ottoman era Ottoman conquest (Bosansko Krajište (1451-1463)) Ottoman era (Bosnia Sanjak (1463–1580), Sanjak of Herzegovina (1481–1833) / Bosnia Eyalet (1580-1867), Herzegovina Eyalet (1833–1851) / Bosnia Vilayet (1867-1908) / Herzegovina Uprising (1875–1877))
Habsburg era Habsburg era (Bosnian crisis)
Yugoslavia Kingdom of Yugoslavia (Drina Banovina) World War II SFR Yugoslavia (SR Bosnia and Herzegovina) Breakup of Yugoslavia
Contemporary Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosnian War (defunct: Herzeg-Bosnia / Western Bosnia) Bosnia and Herzegovina (Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Republika Srpska)
Bosnia and Herzegovina portal
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Part of a series on the
History of Bulgaria

Odrysian kingdom 460 BC – 46 AD Roman times 46–681 Dark Ages c. 6th–7th cent. Old Great Bulgaria 7th cent., 632–668 First Bulgarian Empire 681–1018 Christianization Golden Age 896–927 Cometopuli dynasty 968–1018 Byzantine Bulgaria 1018–1185 Second Bulgarian Empire 1185–1396 Second Golden Age 1230–1241 Mongol invasion 1274–1300 Darman and Kudelin 1273–1291 Recovery and expansion 1300–1371 Fragmentation and fall 1371–1396 Vidin Dobruja Lovech Ottoman Bulgaria 1396–1878 Resistance after 1413 National Revival 1762–1878 Early Late Establishment of the Bulgarian Exarchate 1870 April Uprising 1876 Liberation War 1877–1878 Third Bulgarian State 1878–present Serbo-Bulgarian War 1885 Ilinden–Preobrazhenie Uprising 1903 Balkan Wars 1912–1913 World War I 1915–1918 World War II 1941–1945 Communist era 1946–1990 Transition era since 1990
List of monarchs Military history Struggle for Macedonia 1893–1944
Main category Bulgaria portal
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Part of a series on the
History of Croatia

Early history History of Croatia before the Croats Roman Pannonia Roman Dalmatia Ostrogothic Kingdom Byzantine Empire Origins of the Croats White Croatia White Croats
Middle Ages Avar Khaganate Duchy of Croatia Lower Pannonia Southern Dalmatia March of Istria Kingdom of Croatia Union with Hungary Republic of Dubrovnik Republic of Poljica
Modernity Ottoman Croatia Republic of Venice Kingdom of Croatia (Habsburg) Croatian Military Frontier Illyrian Provinces Kingdom of Illyria Kingdom of Slavonia Kingdom of Dalmatia Triune Kingdom of Croatia, Slavonia and Dalmatia Kingdom of Croatia-Slavonia
20th century World War I State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs Kingdom of Yugoslavia Banovina of Croatia World War II Independent State of Croatia Federal State of Croatia Socialist Republic of Croatia
Contemporary Croatia Independence War of independence Croatia since 1995
Timeline
Croatia portal
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Part of a series on the
History of Cyprus

Prehistoric Philia culture Alashiya
Ancient Ten city-kingdoms Roman Era
Medieval Theme of Cyprus Kingdom of Cyprus Venetian Cyprus Ottoman Cyprus
Modern British Cyprus Cyprus problem
History by topic Timeline Ancient art Ancient pottery Earthquakes
Cyprus portal
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Part of a series on the
History of the Czech lands

Early history Únětice culture Boii (Gauls, Celts) Marcomanni (Germanic peoples) Migration Period (West Slavs) Samo's Empire
Middle Ages Great Moravia Duchy of Bohemia Bohemian Crown (Holy Roman Empire) Czech lands in the High Middle Ages Bohemian Reformation Hussite Wars
Early modern period Habsburg monarchy Czech lands 1526–1648 Thirty Years' War Austrian Empire Czech lands 1648–1867 Austria-Hungary Czech lands 1867–1918 World War I
Czechoslovakia First Czechoslovak Republic German Occupation World War II Czechoslovak Socialist Republic Soviet Occupation Velvet Revolution Czech and Slovak Federative Republic
Czech Republic Dissolution of Czechoslovakia European Union
Czech Republic portal
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Part of a series on the
History of Denmark

Prehistoric Denmark c. 6000 BC–700 AD Kongemose culture c. 6000 BC–5200 BC Ertebølle culture c. 5,300 BC – 3,950 BC Funnelbeaker culture c. c. 4300–2800 BC Corded Ware culture c. 3000 BC – 2350 BC Nordic Bronze Age c. 2000/1750–500 BC. Pre-Roman Iron Age c. 5th/4th–1st centuries BC Roman Iron Age c. 1–400 AD Germanic Iron Age c. 5th to 8th centuries AD Viking Age c. 793–1066 AD House of Sigfred c. 770–c.870 AD House of Olaf late 9th century and early 10th AD House of Knýtlinga 916–1042 Reunification c. 916-973 Christianization c. 960 North Sea Empire 1013-1042 House of Fairhair 1042-1047 Medieval Times 1047–1536 Estridsen era 1047–1412 Reign of Sweyn II and his sons 1047–1134 Civil War era 1131–1157 Danish Baltic Empire 1168–1319 Kingless times 1319–1340 Solidification of Denmark 1340–1360 Kalmar Union 1397–1523 House of Griffin 1397–1442 House of Palatinate-Neumarkt 1440–1448 House of Oldenburg 1448–1523 Union Wars 1497–1523 Reformation 1520s–1536 Count's Feud 1534–1536 Denmark-Norway 1536–1814 Rise 1536-1626 Baltic Trade monopoly 16th and 17th centuries Dano-Norwegian Colonial Empire 1620–1814 Fall 1626–1814 Thirty Years' War 1625-1645 Little Northern War 1657-1660 Great Northern War 1700-1720 Dano-Norwegian neutrality 1720–1801 Napoleonic wars 1801–1814 Danish unitary state 1814–1864 Danish Golden Age c. 1800–1870 Rise of National-liberalism 1830s–1864 Revolutions of 1848 1848 March Revolution 1848 First Schleswig War 1848 Constitutional Monarchy 1849-present House of Glücksburg 1863-present November Constitution 1863 Loss of The Duchies 1864 Danish national state 1864-present Reign of Christian IX 1863-1906 Industrialisation 19th century-20th century Revised Constitution 19th century-20th century Reign of Christian X 1912-1947 World War I 1914-1918 Schleswig Reunification 1920 Easter Crisis 1920 Dano-Icelandic Union 1918-1944 World War II 1940-1945 Occupation 1940-1945 Protectorate 1940-1943 Liberation 1940-1943 Reign of Frederik IX 1947-1972 Post-war 1947-1953 Constitution of 1953 1953-present Cold War 1947-1991 Creation of NATO 1949 Cold War (1953–1962) 1953–1962 Reign of Margrethe II 1972-2024 Joining the EC 1979-1985 The New Cold War 1979-1985 Post-Cold War 1991-present War in Afghanistan (2001–2021) 2001–2021 Iraq War 2003-2011 Reign of Frederik X 2024-present
List of monarchs 8th century–present Military history List of Prime Ministers 1849–present
Main category Denmark portal
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Part of a series on the
History of Estonia

Ancient Estonia Kunda culture Narva culture Aesti Chudes Baltic Finnic peoples Ancient counties
Medieval Estonia Oeselians Viking Age Livonian Crusade Danish Estonia Old Livonia Baltic Germans
Swedish Estonia Livonian War Duchy of Estonia (1561–1721) Polish Livonia Swedish Livonia Great Northern War
Russian Estonia Russian Estonia Russian Livonia National awakening German occupation
Modern Estonia Declaration of Independence War of Independence Interwar period Era of Silence World War II Soviet occupation Singing Revolution Restoration of independence Contemporary Estonia
Chronology
Estonia portal
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Finland articles

History

Geography

Cities and towns
Extreme points
Geology
Islands
Lakes
Municipalities
National parks
Provinces
Regions
- Åland
Rivers
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- Helsinki
- Tampere
- Turku
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Wildlife

Politics

Economy

Society

Abortion Crime Climate change Demographics Education Finns Healthcare Languages Finnish Swedish Religion Welfare system
Culture	Anthem Architecture Art Cinema Coat of arms Cuisine Flag Folklore Literature The Kalevala Media Music Mythology National symbols Public holidays Independence Day Sauna Sport World Heritage Sites

Part of a series on the

History of France

Timeline

Ancient

Prehistory
Greek colonies	600 BC – 49 BC
Celtic Gaul	until 50 BC
Roman Gaul	50 BC – 486 AD

Middle Ages

Francia and the Frankish settlement
Merovingians	481–751
Carolingians	751–987
West Francia	843–987
Kingdom of France	987–1792
Direct Capetians	987–1328
Valois	1328–1498

Early modernAncien Régime

Valois-Orléans kings	1498–1515
Valois-Angoulême kings	1515–1589
Bourbon kings	1589–1792

Long 19th century

French Revolution	1789–1799
Kingdom of France	1791–1792
First Republic	1792–1804
First Empire	1804–1814
Restoration	1814–1830
July Monarchy	1830–1848
Second Republic	1848–1852
Second Empire	1852–1870
Third Republic	1870–1940
Belle Époque	1871–1914

20th century

Third Republic	1870–1940
Interwar period	1919–1939
Années folles	1920–1929
Free France Vichy France	1940–1944
Provisional Republic	1944–1946
Fourth Republic	1946–1958
Fifth Republic	1958–present

Topics

France portal ·

History portal

History of Georgia
Part of a series on the

Prehistoric Georgia Shulaveri–Shomu culture Kura–Araxes culture Legend of Kartlos Trialeti culture Colchian culture Diauehi Mushki
Ancient history Colchis Aryan Kartli Kingdom of Iberia Pharnavazid dynasty Georgia in the Roman era Artaxiad dynasty of Iberia Campaign of Pompey Iberian–Armenian War Lazica Arsacid dynasty of Iberia Sasanian Iberia Chosroid dynasty Christianization of Iberia
Middle Ages Iberian War Lazic War Principality of Iberia Umayyad invasion of Georgia Arab rule in Georgia Emirate of Tbilisi Duchy of Tao Duchy of Klarjeti Bagrationi dynasty Kingdom of Hereti Kingdom of the Iberians Kingdom of Abkhazia Theme of Iberia Duchy of Kldekari Unification of the Georgian realm Kingdom of Georgia Duchy of Racha Kingdom of Kakheti-Hereti Byzantine–Georgian wars Great Turkish Invasion Georgian–Seljuk wars Georgian Golden Age Mongol invasions of Georgia Kingdom of Eastern Georgia Kingdom of Western Georgia Armenia within the Kingdom of Georgia Timurid invasions of Georgia Turkoman invasions of Georgia Duchy of Aragvi Collapse of the Georgian realm
Early modern history Duchy of Ksani Samtskhe-Saatabago Kingdom of Kartli Kingdom of Kakheti Kingdom of Imereti Principality of Guria Principality of Svaneti Principality of Mingrelia Principality of Abkhazia Safavid Georgia Childir Eyalet Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti
Modern history Georgia within the Russian Empire 1832 Georgian plot Gurian Republic Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic Democratic Republic of Georgia Red Army invasion of Georgia Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic Georgia since 1991 Russo-Georgian War
History by topic Etymology Monarchs States Tbilisi Military history Wars Battles Chronology

Part of a series on the

History of Germany

Topics

Chronology
Historiography
Military
Economy
LGBT
Judaism
Women
Territorial evolution
Historic states (Holy Roman Empire)
Monarchs (Queens, Empresses, 1918, Family tree, Austria, Bavaria, Prussia, Saxony, Württemberg, Mediatised)

Early history

Middle Ages

Early Modern period

Unification

German Reich

German Empire	1871–1918
World War I	1914–1918
Weimar Republic	1918–1933
Nazi Germany	1933–1945
World War II	1939–1945

Contemporary Germany

Occupation Ostgebiete	1945–1949/1952
Expulsion of Germans	1944–1950
West–East division	1949–1990
Reunification New states	1990
Modern history	since 1990

Part of a series on the
History of Greece

Neolithic Greece Pelasgians
Greek Bronze Age Helladic chronology Cycladic (c. 3100–1000 BC) Minoan (c. 3100–1100 BC) Mycenean (c. 1750–1050 BC)
Ancient Greece Greek Dark Ages (1100 BC–750 BC) Archaic Greece (800 BC–480 BC) Classical Greece (500 BC–323 BC) Hellenistic Greece (323 BC–31 BC) Roman Greece (146 BC–330 AD)
Medieval Greece Byzantine Greece Frankish and Latin states (1204-1579)
Early modern Greece Venetian Crete (1205-1667) Venetian Ionian Islands (1363-1797) Ottoman Greece (1371-1822)
Modern Greece Septinsular Republic (1800-1807) War of Independence (1821-1829) First Hellenic Republic (1822-1832) Kingdom of Greece (1832-1924, 1935-1973) National Schism (1914/15-1917) Second Hellenic Republic (1924-1935) 4th of August Regime (1936-1941) Axis occupation (Collaborationist regime, Free Greece) (1941-1944) Civil War (1946-1949) Military Junta (1967-1974) Third Hellenic Republic (1974-)
History by topic Agriculture Alphabet Art Church Constitution Economy Ethnonyms Language Music Military
Greece portal
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Part of a series on the

History of Hungary

Early history

Early medieval

Kingdom of the Gepids	454–567
Ostrogothic Kingdom	469–553
Avar Khaganate	567–822
Hungarian invasions of Europe	~800–970
Hungarian conquest	862–895

Medieval

Principality of Hungary	895–1000
Kingdom of Hungary	1000–1301
Personal union with Croatia	1102–1918
Golden Bull	1222
Mongol invasion of Hungary	1241–1242
Kingdom of Hungary	1301–1526
Ottoman Wars	1366–1526

Early modern

Reformation	1520
Ottoman Wars	1526–1699
Eastern Hungarian Kingdom	1526–1570
Royal Hungary	1526–1699
Ottoman Hungary	1541–1699
Principality of Transylvania	1570–1711
Bocskai uprising	1604–1606
Wesselényi conspiracy	1664–1671
Principality of Upper Hungary	1682–1685
Kingdom of Hungary	1699–1867

Late modern

Rákóczi's War of Independence	1703–1711
Principality of Transylvania	1711–1867
Hungarian Reform Era	1825–1848
Revolution of 1848	1848–1849
Hungarian State	1849
Austro-Hungarian Monarchy	1867–1918
Lands of the Crown of St. Stephen	1867–1918
World War I	1914–1918
Interwar period	1918–1941
Hungarian People's Republic	1918–1919
Hungarian Soviet Republic	1919
Hungarian Republic	1919–1920
Treaty of Trianon	1920
Kingdom of Hungary	1920–1946
First Vienna Award	1938
Governorate of Subcarpathia	1939–1945
Second Vienna Award	1940
Revisions of Délvidék	1941
World War II	1941–1945

Contemporary

Second Hungarian Republic	1946–1949
Hungarian People's Republic	1949–1989
Revolution of 1956	1956
Goulash Communism	1956–1989
Third Hungarian Republic	1989–2012
Hungary	since 2012

Topics

Hungary portal

Part of a series on the
History of Iceland

Timeline of Icelandic history
Middle ages Settlement of Iceland 870–930 Saga Age 870–1056 Icelandic Commonwealth 930–1262 Farthings 965 Christianization 999–1118 Sturlung era 1180–1264 Staðamálin 1178–1297 Norwegian rule 1262–1380 Old Covenant 1262 Danish rule 1380–1918 Reformation 1536–1627 Danish trade monopoly 1602–1874 Eruption of Laki 1783–1785
Modern era Independence movement 1809–1847 Prohibition 1915–1989 Kingdom of Iceland 1918–1944 Act of Union World War II 1939–1944 British invasion of Iceland 1940 Allied occupation of Iceland 1940–1945 Invader relationships Founding of republic 1944 Iceland in the Cold War 1947–1991 Cod Wars 1948–1976 Anti-NATO riot 1949 Financial crisis 2008–2011 COVID-19 pandemic 2020–2022
Related topics Aristocracy Economic history Icelandic nationality Jewish history Military history Rulers
Category Portal
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Part of a series on the
History of Ireland

Chronology Prehistory Protohistory 400–795 795–1169 1169–1536 1536–1691 1691–1800 1801–1923 Timeline of Irish history
Peoples and polities Gaelic Ireland Lordship of Ireland Kingdom of Ireland United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland Irish Republic Irish Free State Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland
Topics Conflicts Clans Cuisine Kingdoms States Gaelic monarchs Judaism British monarchs Economic history History of the Irish language
Ireland portal
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Part of a series on the

History of Italy

Early

Prehistoric Italy
Nuragic civilization (18th–3rd c. BC)
Etruscan civilization (12th–6th c. BC)
Magna Graecia (8th–3rd c. BC)

Ancient Rome

Kingdom (753 BC–509 BC)
Republic (509 BC–27 BC)
- Roman expansion in Italy
- Roman Italy
- Populares and Optimates
Empire (27 BC–286 AD)
Western Empire (286 AD–476 AD)
- Praetorian prefecture of Italy

Romano-Barbarian Kingdoms

Odoacer's	476–493
Ostrogothic	493–553
Vandal	435–534
Lombard	568–774
Frankish (Carolingian Empire)	774–962
Germanic (Holy Roman Empire)	962–1801

Medieval

Italy in the Middle Ages
Byzantine reconquest of Italy (6th–8th c.)
Islam and Normans in southern Italy
Maritime republics and Italian city-states
Guelphs and Ghibellines

Early modern

Italian Renaissance (14th–16th c.)
Italian Wars (1494–1559)
Catholic revival (1545–1648)
Mid-16th c. to early 19th c.
Napoleonic Italy (1801–1814)

- Republic
- Kingdom

Risorgimento (1815–1871)

Young Italy

Modern

Monarchy (1861–1946)
Colonial Empire (1882–1960)
Italy in World War I (1914–1918)
Fascism (1922–1943)
Italy in World War II (1940–1945)
Fascist Italian Social Republic, Partisans and Italian Civil War (1943–1945)
Republic (1946–present)
Years of Lead (1970s–1980s)
- Maxi Trial (1986–1992)
- Mani pulite (1992–2001)
- Great Recession (2007–2009)
- European migrant crisis (2014–2016)
- COVID-19 pandemic (2020–present)

By topic

Timeline

Italy portal

Part of a series on the

History of Kazakhstan

Ancient

Scythia
Saka
Wusun
Kangju Kingdom
Huns

Khanates

Rouran	330–555
Turkic (Göktürks)	552–745
Karluk	665–744
Kimek	743–1220
Oghuz	750–1055
Kara-Khanid	840–1212
Qara Khitai	1124–1218
Mongol Empire	1206–1368
Golden Horde	1240s–1446
Uzbek Khanate	1428-1465
Kazakh Khanate	1465–1847

Post-nomadic period

Russian Turkestan	1867–1918
Governor-Generalship of the Steppes	1882–1918
Alash Autonomy	1918–1920
Kirghiz ASSR	1920–1925
Kazakh ASSR	1925–1936
Kazakh SSR	1936–1991
Republic of Kazakhstan	1991–present

Topics

Other

Part of a series on the
History of Latvia

Ancient Latvia Kunda culture Narva culture Corded Ware culture Amber Road / Aesti Baltic Finns (Livonians, Vends) Balts Latgalians Curonians Selonians Semigallians
Middle Ages Principality of Jersika Principality of Koknese Tālava Livonian Crusade Livonian Brothers of the Sword Livonian Order Archbishopric of Riga Bishopric of Courland Terra Mariana Baltic Germans
Early modern period Livonian War Kingdom of Livonia Duchy of Livonia Inflanty Voivodeship Swedish Livonia Polish–Swedish Wars (1600–1629) Second Northern War Great Northern War Duchy of Courland and Semigallia Couronian colonization
National Awakening Governorate of Livonia Courland Governorate Vitebsk Governorate The First Latvian National Awakening New Current
Modern Latvia Latvian Riflemen German occupation United Baltic Duchy Latvian Socialist Soviet Republic War of Independence 1934 Latvian coup d'état 1940 Soviet occupation Nazi occupation The Holocaust in Latvia 1944 Soviet re-occupation Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic Popular Front of Latvia Singing Revolution Restoration of Independence 2008 Latvian financial crisis
Chronology
Latvia portal
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Part of a series on the
History of Lithuania

Prehistory Kunda culture Narva culture Neman culture Corded Ware culture Baltic tribes Yotvingia Amber Road / Aesti Lithuania proper
Middle ages Duchy of Lithuania Grand Duchy of Lithuania Kingdom of Lithuania Jagiellonian period
Early Modern era Early elective monarchy Deluge and decline Three partitions Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Partitions of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth Swedish Lithuania
Modern era Russian rule Kingdom of Lithuania Wars of Independence Lithuanian–Soviet War Independence declared 1940 Soviet occupation Nazi occupation 1944 Soviet re-occupation Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic Independence restored Republic of Lithuania
Other topics Name of Lithuania Coat of arms of Lithuania List of early Lithuanian dukes List of rulers of Lithuania List of Lithuanian monarchs
Chronology
Lithuania portal
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Part of a series on the

History of Luxembourg

Early history

Celtic Luxembourg	~51 BC
• Treveri
Gallic Wars	58–50 BC
Roman rule	90 AD–c.500 AD

Middle Ages

Franks
Merovingians	481–751
• Austrasia
Carolingians	751–987
Duchy of Lorraine	959~
• House of Luxembourg
Duchy of Luxembourg	1352-1482
Habsburg rule	1482–1556

Early Modern

Spanish rule	1556–1714
Louis XIV's siege	1684
Austrian rule	1714–95
Revolutionary siege	1794–95
French rule	1795–1815
• Peasants' War	1798

19th century

Congress of Vienna	1815
• Grand Duchy of Luxembourg	1815–
Dutch rule	1815–30
• Reign of Guillaume I	1815-40
• Belgian Revolution	1830–31
Personal union	1839–90
• Treaty of London	1839
• Reign of Guillaume II	1840–49
• Reign of Guillaume III	1849-90
• Luxembourg Crisis	1867
Full independence	1890-

20th and 21st centuries

Reign of Adolphe	1890-1905
Reign of Guillaume IV	1905-12
Reign of Marie-Adélaïde	1912-19
World War I:
• German occupation	1914-18
Reign of Charlotte	1919-1964
World War II:
• German invasion	1940
• German occupation	1940-45
• Government in exile	1940-45
• Holocaust	1941
Reign of Jean	1964-2000
Reign of Henri	2000-

Luxembourg portal

Part of a series on the
History of North Macedonia

Prehistory Starčevo culture Vinča culture Kokino Trebeništa Adam of Macedonia Neolithic Sites
Antiquity Paeonians Paeonia (kingdom) Pelagonia Achaemenid Empire Illyrian kingdom Kingdom of Macedon Kingdom of Dardania Macedonia (Roman province) Migration Period
Middle Ages Byzantine Empire (Slavic migrations to the Balkans) (Sclaveni) First Bulgarian Empire (Ohrid Literary School Archbishopric of Ohrid) Byzantine Empire (Byzantine conquest of Bulgaria Bulgaria (theme)) Dobromir Chrysos Second Bulgarian Empire Serbian Empire (Lordship of Prilep District of Branković) League of Lezhë (Principality of Kastrioti Gropa family Principality of Muzaka)
Early Modern Ottoman North Macedonia (Sanjak of Uskup Sanjak of Salonica Sanjak of Monastir) Rumelia Eyalet Karposh's rebellion Congress of Berlin Razlovci uprising Brsjak revolt Macedonian Struggle Macedonian question Ilinden Uprising and Kruševo Republic Treaty of Bucharest (1913) Tikveš and Ohrid uprising
Late Modern Bulgarian occupation zone of Serbia and Macedonian front during World War I National awakening South Serbia and Vardar Banovina World War II The Holocaust in North Macedonia Independent State (1944) Anti-Fascist Assembly (ASNOM) Bloody Christmas (1945) National Liberation Front Exodus from Northern Greece Socialist Republic 1963 Skopje earthquake
Contemporary Breakup of Yugoslavia 1991 Macedonian independence referendum Independent Republic 2001 insurgency Antiquization Naming dispute with Greece Republic of Vevčani 2012 Republic of Macedonia inter-ethnic violence 2015 Kumanovo clashes Prespa Agreement Historical and linguistic dispute with Bulgaria 2020 NATO accession Accession to the European Union (2005 - )
Topics Military Economy Demographics History of the ethnic Macedonian people Art of North Macedonia Religion in North Macedonia Assembly of North Macedonia Constitution of North Macedonia Economy of North Macedonia Naming dispute Public holidays
Timeline of the history of North Macedonia
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Part of a series on the
History of Malta

Ancient history Għar Dalam phase Ġgantija phase Saflieni phase Tarxien phase Phoenicians and Carthage Roman rule
Middle Ages Byzantine Malta Arab period Normans Kingdom of Sicily
Modern history Knights Hospitaller Great Siege French occupation Insurrection and independent Gozo
British Period British Protectorate British Colony Language Question World War II From home rule to independence
Independent Malta State of Malta Republic of Malta European Union membership
Timeline of Maltese history
Malta portal
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Part of a series on the
History of Moldova

Antiquity Chernyakhov culture Dacia, Free Dacians Bastarnae
Early Middle Ages Origin of the Romanians Tivertsi Brodnici Golden Horde Voivodeship of Maramureș
Principality of Moldavia Foundation Early Modern Era Phanariotes United Principalities
Bessarabia Governorate Treaty of Bucharest
Moldavian Democratic Republic Sfatul Țării Romanian military intervention
Greater Romania Union of Bessarabia with Romania Transnistria Governorate The Holocaust
Moldavian ASSR Moldovenism
Moldavian SSR Soviet occupation Soviet deportations Anti-fascist resistance
Republic of Moldova Independence of Moldova War of Transnistria Gagauz Republic History of independent Moldova
Moldova portal
v t e

Part of a series on the
History of Monaco

Rock of Monaco House of Grimaldi (List of rulers) Monégasque Revolution Monaco succession crisis of 1918 Franco-Monégasque Treaties
v t e

Part of a series on the
History of Montenegro

Prehistory
Roman Praevalitana
Middle Ages and early modern
Duklja Crown land of Zeta Principality of Zeta Albania Veneta Sanjak of Montenegro Sanjak of Scutari Sanjak of Herzegovina Prince-Bishopric
Modern and contemporary
Principality Sanjak of Novi Pazar Kingdom Zeta Oblast Zeta Banovina Italian governorate German occupation Socialist republic Constituent state Montenegro
Topics
Demography Nobility Tribes
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Part of a series on the
History of the Netherlands

Early Prehistory of the Netherlands Germanic tribes Frisii, Batavi, Cananefates, Chamavi Roman era Migration Period Frisians, Franks, Saxons
Medieval Frisian Kingdom Frankish Kingdom Middle Francia Lotharingia Lower Lotharingia Holy Roman Empire Burgundian Netherlands Habsburg Netherlands Seventeen Provinces Spanish Netherlands
Republic Eighty Years' War Dutch Golden Age (painting) Dutch colonial empire (evolution) VOC: East Indies, Cape Colony WIC: Americas, Guianas, Brazil List of wars
French period Batavian Revolution Batavian Republic Kingdom of Holland First French Empire
Monarchy Sovereign Principality United Kingdom Modern history World War II Netherlands constituent country within the kingdom
Economic history Economic history of the Netherlands (1500–1815) Dutch guilder Amsterdam Entrepôt Tulip mania Dutch disease Whaling in the Netherlands Polder model
Topics Military history (List of wars) Colonial history Language LGBT Literature Inventions and discoveries Flood control Healthcare Heraldry Religion
Netherlands portal
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Part of a series on the
History of Norway

Ancient history Prehistory ∞ Stone Age Pre 1700 BC Bronze Age 1700–500 BC Iron Age 500 BC–800 AD Migration Age 21–700
Early Middle Ages Petty kingdoms Unknown–11thC Viking Age 8th–11thC Unification 860–1029 Establishment 872 Hereditary kingdom 9thC–1397 Imperial realm 9thC–1814 Military Establishment 9thC Migration settlement 9th–12thC Oversea colonization 9th–14thC Christianization 975–1000
High Middle Ages Middle Ages 1000–16th Civil War 1130–1240
Late Middle Ages Black Death 1349–1353 Kalmar Union 1397–1523 Treaty of Bergen 1450
Early modern period Denmark–Norway 1524–1814 Reformation 1537 Council abolishment 1537 Absolute monarchy 1661
Late modern period Re-established state 1814 Constitution 1814 Union with Sweden 1814–1905 Emigration 19th–20th Language conflict 19th– Heroic Age of Antarctic Exploration 19th–1922 Polar exploration 1892–2008 Union dissolution 1905 Interwar independence 1905–1940 Possession annexations 1920–1939 German occupation 1940–1945 Reichskommissariat 1940–1945 Quisling regime 1942–1945 Cold War 1945–1991
Contemporary history Oil industry 1966–
Related topics Economic history of Norway Judaism in Norway LGBT history Nobility in Norway
Timeline
Norway portal
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Part of a series on the

History of Poland

Topics

Prehistory and protohistory

Middle Ages

Piast period	10th century–1385
Jagiellonian period	1385–1572

Early modern

Early elective monarchy	1572–1648
Deluge and decline	1648–1764
Three partitions	1764–1795

Modern

Partitioned Poland	1795–1918
World War I	1914–1918
Second Republic	1918–1939
World War II	1939–1945
Communist Poland	1945–1989

Contemporary

Third Republic

1989–present

Timeline of Polish history

Part of a series on the
History of Portugal

Ancient Prehistoric Iberia Pre-Roman Peoples Roman conquest of Hispania Romanization of Hispania Lusitania Gallaecia Suebic Kingdom Visigothic Kingdom Spania
Medieval Umayyad conquest of Hispania Al-Andalus Gharb Al-Andalus Almoravid dynasty County of Portugal Reconquista Portuguese House of Burgundy 1383–1385 Crisis
Age of Discovery Imperial expansion House of Aviz Portuguese Renaissance Portuguese Empire War of the Portuguese Succession Iberian Union Dutch-Portuguese War
Bragantine Restoration War House of Braganza Great Lisbon earthquake Imperial decline, war, and revolt Transfer of Court Liberal Wars Constitutional Monarchy 1910 Revolution
First Republic First Republic Monarchy of the North Portugal during World War I 1926 coup d'état
Second Republic Ditadura Nacional World War II Estado Novo Portuguese Colonial War
Third Republic Carnation Revolution Processo Revolucionário Em Curso Transition to democracy Third Republic Financial crisis (2010–2014) COVID-19 pandemic (2020–2022)
Topic Archives - Economy - Language - LGBT - Judaism - Military - Music
Regions Azorean history Madeiran history
Timeline
Portugal portal
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Part of a series on the
History of Romania

Prehistory Cucuteni–Trypillia culture Hamangia culture Bronze Age in Romania Prehistory of Transylvania
Antiquity Dacia Dacian Wars Roman Dacia Origin of the Romanians
Middle Ages (Early) History of Transylvania Banat in the Middle Ages First Bulgarian Empire Second Bulgarian Empire Țara Litua Voivodeship of Maramureș Founding of Wallachia Founding of Moldavia Rumelia Eyalet
Early Modern Times Silistra Eyalet Principality of Transylvania Eyalet of Temesvar Varat Eyalet Phanariotes Danubian Principalities
National Awakening Transylvanian School Organic Statute 1848 Moldavian Revolution 1848 Wallachian Revolution Danube Vilayet United Principalities ASTRA War of Independence
Kingdom of Romania World War I Union with Bessarabia Union with Bukovina Union with Transylvania Greater Romania Fascist Kingdom Soviet occupation of Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina World War II
Socialist Republic of Romania Soviet occupation Revolution
Post-Revolution Romania since 1989
By topic Economic history Romanian language Historical timeline Military history Christianity Islam Judaism
By historical region Banat Crișana Bukovina Dobruja Maramureș Moldavia Muntenia Oltenia Transylvania Wallachia
Romania portal
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Part of a series on the

History of Russia

PeriodsPrehistory • Antiquity • Early Slavs

Rus' people	pre-9th century
Rus' Khaganate
Arthania
Garðaríki

879–1240: Ancient Rus'

Rurik • Baptism of Rus' • Russkaya Pravda

Novgorod Land	882–1136
Principality of Polotsk	987–1397
Principality of Chernigov	988–1402
Rostov-Suzdal	1093–1157
full list...

1240–1480: Feudal Rus'

Council of Liubech • Council of Uvetichi • Mongol conquest • Battle of Kulikovo

Novgorod Republic	1136–1478
Vladimir-Suzdal	1157–1331
Principality of Moscow	1263–1547
full list...

1480–1917: Tsarist Russia

Great Stand on the Ugra River • Time of
Troubles • Zemsky Sobor • Treaty of Nystad • Petrovian reforms • 1812 Patriotic War • Decembrist Revolt • Emancipation reform • Russo-Japanese War • 1905 Revolution • October Manifesto • Second Patriotic War

Tsardom of Russia	1547–1721
Russian Empire	1721–1917
Russian America	1799–1867
Grand Duchy of Finland	1809–1917
Congress Poland	1867–1915
Russian Manchuria	1900–1905
Uryankhay Krai	1914–1921

1917–1923: Russian Revolution

February Revolution • Provisional Government • Dvoyevlastiye • July Days • Kornilov affair • Directorate • Constituent Assembly (election) • Bolshevik Coup • Civil War • White Guard • Red Army • Soviet-Polish War • Priamurye
Govt. • War Communism • USSR • Emigrants

Russian Republic	1917–1918
General Secretariat of Ukraine	1917–1918
Russian SFSR	1917–1922
Ukrainian SSR	1919–1922
Byelorussian SSR	1920–1922
Transcaucasian SFSR	1922–1922
Russian State	1918–1920
Provisional Priamurye Govt.	1921–1923
full list...

1923–1991: Soviet Era

NEP • Cultural revolution • Korenization • Stalinism • Collectivization • Industrialization • GULAG • Great Purge • Great Patriotic War • Cold War • Warsaw Pact • Comecon • Crimea
transfer • Era of Stagnation • Afghan War • Perestroika • Chernobyl disaster • Karabakh
War • Parade of sovereignties (War of Laws)

Soviet Union	1922–1991
Russian SFSR	1922–1991
Karelo-Finnish SSR	1940–1956
full list...
Tannu Tuva	1921–1944

since 1991: Modern Russia

August Coup • Belavezha Accords • Alma-Ata
Protocol • USSR dissolution • CIS • "Near
abroad" • Constitutional crisis • Privatization • CSTO • Chechen wars (1st • 2nd) • Oligarchy • Putinism • Five-Days War • Presidential terms
amendments • Eurasian Economic Union • Annexation of Crimea • War in Donbas • 2020 amendments • Invasion of Ukraine (Prelude • Mass emigration • Debt default • Sanctions • Mobilization • 2022 annexation)

Russian Federation	1991–present
Republic of Tatarstan	1994–present
Chechen Republic	2000–present
Republic of Crimea	2014–present
Donetsk People's Republic	2022–present
Luhansk People's Republic	2022–present
Kherson Oblast	2022–present
Zaporizhzhia Oblast	2022–present
full list... ^A Not internationally recognized. ^B Not fully controlled.

Timeline860–1721 • 1721–1796 • 1796–1855
1855–1894 • 1894–1917 • 1917–1927
1927–1953 • 1953–1964 • 1964–1982
1982–1991 • 1991–present

Russia portal

Part of a series on the

History of Serbia

By century

9th
10th

White Serbia	around 600 AD
Principality of Serbia Duklja, Travunia, Zachlumia, Narentines, Raška, Bosnia	7th–10th century
Catepanate of Ras	around 969–976

High Middle Ages

Duklja (Zeta)	11th–12th century
Theme of Sirmium	1018–1071
Grand Principality	1071–1217
Kingdom of Serbia	1217–1346
King Dragutin's realm	1282–1325
Empire Fall	1346–1371
Lordship of Prilep	1371–1395
Prince Lazar's Serbia	1371–1402
Vuk's Land	1371–1412
Despotate of Serbia	1402–1537

Early Modern

Ottoman-ruled Serbia	1459–1804
Jovan Nenad / Radoslav Čelnik	1526–1530
Banate of Lugoj and Caransebeș	16th–17th
Habsburg occupation	1686–1699
Great Serb Migrations	1690 and 1737–1739
Military Frontier	1702–1882
Habsburg-ruled Serbia	1718–1739
Koča's frontier	1788–1791

Serbia 1804–1918

Serbian Revolution	1804–1815
Principality of Serbia	1815–1882
Serbian Vojvodina	1848–1849
Serbia and Banat	1849–1860
Kingdom of Serbia	1882–1918

Serbia since 1918

Kingdom of Yugoslavia	1918–1941
Axis occupation	1941–1944
Federal unit of Socialist Yugoslavia	1944–1992
Constituent state with Montenegro	1992–2006
Republic of Serbia	2006–present

Serbia portal

Part of a series on the

History of Slovakia

Early history

Medieval Slavic states

Principality of Hungary
(895 – 1000)

Principality of Hungary

Kingdom of Hungary
(1000 – 1526)

Ottoman Empire
(16th–17th century)

Habsburg monarchy
(1526–1918)

Czechoslovakia
(1918–1993)

Treaty of Trianon	1920
Slovaks in Czechoslovakia	1918–1938
Slovak Soviet Republic	1919
Slovakia during World War II	1939–1945
Slovak Republic	1939–1945
Slovak National Uprising	1944
Slovaks in Czechoslovakia	1948–1989
Slovak Socialist Republic	1969–1990
Velvet Revolution	1989
Post-revolution Czechoslovakia	1989–1992
Dissolution of Czechoslovakia	1993

Contemporary Slovakia

Slovak Republic

1993–present

Slovakia portal

Part of a series on the
History of Slovenia

Italy / Noricum / Pannonia Slavic settlement of the Eastern Alps Avars Samo's Realm Carantania Carneola Holy Roman Empire March of Carniola Hungarian March Windic March Duchy of Carniola Venetian Republic Illyrian Provinces Kingdom of Illyria Inner Austria Venezia Giulia Drava Banovina World War II in the Slovene Lands Socialist Republic of Slovenia Ten-Day War Republic of Slovenia
Slovenia portal
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Part of a series on the
History of Spain
18th century map of Iberia
Prehistory Prehistoric Iberia
Early history Pre-Roman peoples Carthaginian Spain (575–206 BCE)
Roman Hispania Roman Conquest (206–27 BCE) Hispania (218 BCE–472 CE) Romanization Diocese of Hispania
Early Middle Ages Kingdom of the Suebi (409–585) Kingdom of the Visigoths (418–721) Byzantine Spania (552–624)
Middle Ages Muslim conquest (711–716) Al-Andalus (711–1492) Reconquista (711–1492) Christian kingdoms (718–1479)
Early modern period Catholic Monarchs (1479–1516) Granada War (1482–1492) Colonisation of the Americas (1492–1898) Habsburgs (1516–1700) Golden Age (1556–1659) Iberian Union (1580–1640) Bourbons (1700–1808) War of the Spanish Succession (1701–1714) Nueva Planta Decrees (1707–1716)
Peninsular War Abdications of Bayonne (1808) Napoleonic Spain (1808–1813) Cortes of Cádiz (1810–1814) Constitution of Cádiz (1812) Treaty of Valençay (1813)
Absolutist restoration Sexenio Absolutista (1814–1820) Trienio Liberal (1820–1823) Ominous Decade (1823–1833)
Reign of Isabella II Regency of María Cristina (1833–1840) First Carlist War (1833–1840) Regency of Espartero (1840–1843) Década moderada (1844–1854) Second Carlist War (1846–1849) Bienio progresista (1854–1856) Glorious Revolution (1868)
Sexenio Democrático Provisional Government (1868–1871) Reign of Amadeo I (1870–1873) Third Carlist War (1872–1876) First Republic (1873–1874)
Restoration Spain Reign of Alfonso XII (1874–1885) Regency of María Cristina (1885–1902) Reign of Alfonso XIII (1886–1931) Spanish–American War (1898) Spain during World War I (1914–1918) Rif War (–1927) Dictatorship of Primo de Rivera (1923–1930) Dictablanda of Dámaso Berenguer (1930–1931)
Second Republic Provisional Government (1931) First Biennium (1931–1933) Second Biennium (1933–1936) Revolution and Asturian miners' strike (1934) 1936 general election (1936) 1936 coup d'état (1936) 1936 Revolution (1936) Civil War (1936–1939) Nationalist victory (1939)
Francoist Spain Spain during World War II (1939–1945) Blue Division (1941–1944) Spanish Maquis (1939–1965) Republican exile (1939–1977) Basque conflict (1959–2011)
Contemporary history Transition to democracy (1975–1978) Current constitution (1978) 1981 coup d'état attempt Madrid train bombings (2004) 2008–2014 financial crisis 2017 Barcelona attacks Catalan declaration of independence (2017) COVID-19 pandemic (2020–2022)
Topic Economic Law enforcement LGBT Military Religion Territorial organization
Timeline
Spain portal History portal
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Part of a series on the
History of Sweden

Prehistoric Prehistory (12000 BC–800 AD) Viking Age (800–1050)
Early History Middle Ages (1050–1397) Kalmar Union (1397–1521) Early Vasa era (1521–1611)
Great Power Emerging Great Power (1611–1648) Swedish Empire (1648–1718)
Enlightenment Age of Liberty (1718–1772) Age of Absolutism (1772–1809)
Liberalization Constitution and Union (1809–1866) United Kingdoms (1814–1905) Industrialization (1866–1914) World War I (1914–1918)
Modern History Interwar period (1918–1939) World War II (1939–1945) Postwar period (1945–1967) Second half of Cold War (1967–1991) Post-Cold War (1991–present)
Topical History of the Jews in Sweden LGBT history in Sweden Military history of Sweden Economic history of Sweden
Timeline
Sweden portal
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Part of a series on the
History of Switzerland

Early history
Prehistory Roman era (200 BC – AD 400) Alemannia · Burgundy (400–900) Swabia · Burgundy (900–1300)
Old Swiss Confederacy
Growth (1291–1516) Reformation (1516–1648) Ancien Régime (1648–1798)
Transitional period
Napoleonic era (1798–1814) Restoration (1814–1830) Regeneration (1830–1847)
Modern history
Federal state (1848) World Wars (1914–1945)
Timeline
Topical
Immigration Swiss Jews LGBT history Military history Territorial development Historiography
Switzerland portal
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Part of a series on the

History of Turkey

Prehistory

Prehistory of Anatolia

Palaeolithic Anatolia	c. 500,000– 10,000 BC
Mesolithic Anatolia	c. 11,000– 9,000 BC
Neolithic Anatolia	c. 8,000– 5,500 BC

Bronze Age

Troy	3000–700 BC
Hattians	2500–2000 BC
Akkadian Empire	2400–2150 BC
Luwians	2300–1400 BC
Assyria	1950–1750 BC
Kussara	1780–1680 BC
Achaeans (Homer)	1700–1300 BC
Kizzuwatna	1650–1450 BC
Hittites	1680–1220 BC
Arzawa	1500–1320 BC
Mitanni	1500–1300 BC
Hayasa-Azzi	1500–1290 BC
Lycia	1450–350 BC
Assuwa	1300–1250 BC
Diauehi	1200–800 BC
Neo-Hittites	1200–800 BC
Phrygia	1200–700 BC
Caria	1150–547 BC
Tuwanuwa	1000–700 BC
Ionia	1000–545 BC
Urartu	859–595/585 BC

Iron Age

Diauehi	1200–800 BC
Neo-Hittites	1200–800 BC
Phrygia	1200–700 BC
Caria	1150–547 BC
Doris	1100–560 BC
Aeolis	1000–560 BC
Tuwanuwa	1000–700 BC
Ionia	1000–545 BC
Urartu	859–595/585 BC
Median Empire	678–549 BC
Lydia	685–547 BC

Classical Age

Achaemenid Empire	559–331 BC
Kingdom of Alexander the Great	334–301 BC
Kingdom of Cappadocia	322–130 BC
Antigonids	306–168 BC
Seleucid Empire	305–64 BC
Ptolemaic Kingdom	305–30 BC
Kingdom of Pontus	302–64 BC
Bithynia	297–74 BC
Attalid kingdom	282–129 BC
Galatia	281–64 BC
Parthian Empire	247 BC–224 AD
Armenian Empire	190 BC–428 AD
Roman Republic	133–27 BC
Commagene	163 BC–72 AD
Ancient Rome	133 BC-27 BC–330 AD
Sasanian Empire	224–651 AD (briefly in Anatolia)

Medieval Age

Medieval Anatolia

Eastern Roman Empire	(330–1453; 1204-1261 in exile as Empire of Nicaea)
Rashidun Caliphate	(637–656)
Great Seljuk State	(1037–1194)
Danishmends	(1071–1178)
Sultanate of Rum	(1077–1307)
Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia	(1078–1375)
Anatolian beyliks	(1081–1423)
County of Edessa	(1098–1150)
Artuqids	(1101–1409)
Empire of Trebizond	(1204–1461)
Latin Empire	(1204–1261)
Karamanids	(1250–1487)
Ilkhanate	(1256–1335)
Kara Koyunlu	(1375–1468)
Ak Koyunlu	(1378–1501)

Ottoman Era

Periods of Ottoman Empire

Rise	(1299–1453)
Classical Age	(1453–1566)
Transformation	(1566–1703)
Old Regime	(1703–1789)
Decline and modernization	(1789–1908)
Defeat and dissolution	(1908–1922)

Republic of Turkey

Periods of Turkey

War of Independence	(1919–1922)
Provisional government	(1920–1923)
One-party period	(1923–1930) (1930–1945)
Multi-party period	(1945–present)

By topic

Timeline

Turkey portal

Part of a series on the
History of Ukraine

Topics Name Flag Coat of arms Historical regions Christianity Economic history Banking Rail transport Shipbuilding Technology Television Jewish history
Early history Cucuteni–Trypillia culture Yamnaya culture Catacomb culture Cimmeria Taurica Scythia Bosporan Kingdom Sarmatia Zarubintsy culture Chernyakhov culture Hunnic Empire
Middle Ages Early East Slavs Rus' Khaganate Khazar Khaganate Kievan Rus' Cumania Principality of Kyiv Mongol invasion of Rus' Golden Horde Kingdom of Ruthenia Grand Duchy of Lithuania, Ruthenia and Samogitia Crimean Khanate
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Modern history Ukraine during World War I Ukraine after the Russian Revolution Ukrainian War of Independence Ukrainian People's Republic Makhnovshchina Ukrainian State Directorate of Ukraine West Ukrainian People's Republic Unification Act UPR in exile Ukrainian SSR Soviet Union Communist Party of Ukraine Holodomor Ukraine in World War II Reichskommissariat Ukraine Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists Volhynia genocide Chernobyl disaster
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History of the United Kingdom

Timeline Georgian period Napoleonic Wars Regency period Victorian period Edwardian period First World War Interwar period Second World War Post-war period (political) Post-war period (social) Modern history (political) Modern history (social)
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History of England

Timeline Prehistoric Britain Roman Britain Medieval period Economy in the Middle Ages Sub-Roman Britain Anglo-Saxon period English unification High Middle Ages Norman Conquest Norman period Late Middle Ages Black Death in England Tudor period Elizabethan era English Renaissance Stuart period English Civil War Commonwealth Protectorate Restoration Glorious Revolution Georgian era Regency era Victorian era Edwardian era First World War Interwar period Second World War Postwar Britain Social history Political history of the United Kingdom (1979–present) Social history of the United Kingdom (1979–present)
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Part of a series on the
History of Scotland

Eras Prehistoric (timeline) 12,000 BC–700 BC Iron Age During the Roman Empire 69–384 Middle Ages Early High Late Early Modern Modern History (timeline)
Rule House of Alpin (843–878; 889–1040) House of Moray (1040–1058) House of Dunkeld (1058–1286) House of Balliol (1292–1296) House of Bruce (1306–1371) House of Stuart (1371–1652) (1660–1707) Commonwealth (1652–1660) Acts of Union 1707
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Part of a series on the
History of Wales

Chronology Timeline (British) Bibliography Prehistory (archaeology) Roman conquest (of Anglesey) In the Roman era Anglo-Welsh wars (rebellions) In the Middle Ages (early • high • late) Norman invasion (settlement) Edwardian conquest Glyndŵr rebellion Settlement in the Americas Early modern period (witchcraft) Industrial revolution Modern history World Wars Devolution
Medieval kingdoms Brycheiniog Ceredigion Deheubarth Dyfed Gwynedd (history • culture) Morgannwg Powys (Wenwynwyn • Fadog) Rhwng Gwy a Hafren
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Topics Welsh language Welsh literature (medieval • in Welsh • in English) Historical documents Archaeology Local government (historic counties) Music history (harp) Jewish history Christian history (1904–1905 Welsh revival) Economic history (slate • woollen industry) Education (history-specific) Health service (UK-wide) Plaid Cymru Geological history Genetic history Football team (1876–1976 • 1977–present) Rugby union (team since 2004 • with other teams) History of Cardiff City F.C. (1899–1962 • 1962–present) British military Rent control (regulation) Early modern Witchcraft
History Wales
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Vatican City

This article is part of a series on
History Duchy of Rome (554–751) Donation of Pepin (750s) Papal States (754–1870) Annates Congregation for Borders Fundamental Statute for the Secular Government of the States of the Church Capture of Rome (1870) "Prisoner in the Vatican" (1870–1929) Roman Question Law of Guarantees Lateran Treaty (1929) Vatican City (1929–present) Governorate of Vatican City State 2010 Vatican employee sex scandal History of the Catholic Church since 1962 History of the Papacy Roman Historical Institutes Savoyard Era Vatileaks scandal Vatican Historical Museum Vatican City during World War II
Law Acta Apostolicae Sedis Fundamental Law of Vatican City State Capital punishment in Vatican City Crime in Vatican City Lateran Treaty Legal status of the Holy See (Alperin v. Vatican Bank) (Doe v. Holy See) Temporal power of the Holy See Tribunal of Vatican City State Canon law 1983 Code of Canon Law Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches Apostolic Constitution Pastor Bonus LGBTQ rights in Vatican City
Politics and government Archives Association of Vatican Lay Workers Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State President President: Giuseppe Bertello Pontifical Commission Secretariat for Communications Holy See Press Office L'Osservatore Romano (Vatican City newspaper) L'Osservatore della Domenica List of newspapers in Vatican City Vatican Radio lawsuit Vatican Information Service .va (Vatican City internet sites) Vatican Publishing House Vatican Radio Vatican Television Center Secretariat of State Secretary: Pietro Parolin Fabric of Saint Peter Foreign relations of the Holy See Papal apocrisiarius Governorate of Vatican City State Governor of Vatican City College of Cardinals Camerlengo (Chamberlain) Dean Vical General Court of Cassation President: Dominique Mamberti Court of Appeals President: Pio Vito Pinto Tribunale President: G. di Sanguinetto Military in Vatican City Swiss Guard Corps of Gendarmerie of Vatican City Corps of Firefighters of the Vatican City State
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Economy Institute for the Works of Religion Telephone numbers in Vatican City Tourism in Vatican City Transport in Vatican City Rail transport in Vatican City Secretariat for the Economy Financial Information Authority Administration of the Patrimony of the Apostolic See Prefecture for the Economic Affairs of the Holy See Vatican euro coins Vatican lira Properties of the Holy See
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Culture Vatican Museums Vatican Library Music of Vatican City Sistine Chapel Choir Languages of Vatican City Women in Vatican City Vatican Christmas Tree Sport in Vatican City Papal Concert to Commemorate the Shoah Postage stamps and postal history of Vatican City Public holidays in Vatican City Pontifical Academy of Sciences Pontifical Academy of Social Sciences The Story of the Vatican, 1941 documentary
Buildings/geography Apostolic nunciature Apostolic Palace Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore Borgia Apartments Bramante Staircase Domus Sanctae Marthae Fountains of St. Peter's Square Gardens of Vatican City Geography of Vatican City Gregorian Tower Mater Ecclesiae (monastery) Monument to the Royal Stuarts Palace of the Holy Office Palazzi Pontifici Papal Apartments Saint Peter's Basilica Saint Peter's Square Saint Peter's tomb Lateran Basilica Lateran Palace Leonine City Niccoline Chapel Old St. Peter's Basilica Papal tombs Papal tombs in Old St. Peter's Basilica Paul VI Audience Hall Tomb of the Julii Torre San Giovanni Scala Regia Via della Conciliazione Vatican Climate Forest Vatican Heliport Vatican Hill Vatican Necropolis Papal Concert to Commemorate the Shoah Postage stamps and postal history of Vatican City Public holidays in Vatican City Vatican Secret Archives St. Peter's Baldachin Sala Regia San Pellegrino in Vaticano Sant'Anna dei Palafrenieri Santa Maria della Pietà in Camposanto dei Teutonici Vatican Advanced Technology Telescope Vatican Observatory Vatican Pharmacy Bibliotheca Palatina Cappella Giulia Cappella Paolina Cardinal Secretary of State Casina Pio IV Circus of Nero Redemptoris Mater Chapel Saints Martin and Sebastian of the Swiss Santo Stefano degli Abissini Santo Stefano degli Ungheresi Teutonic Cemetery Cortile del Belvedere Passetto di Borgo Porta San Pellegrino
Vatican Museums Vatican Museums Vatican Gallery of Maps Gallery of Sistine Chapel ceiling Collection of Modern Religious Art Raphael Rooms Redemptoris Mater Chapel Restoration of the Sistine Chapel frescoes Sistine Chapel Sistine Chapel ceiling The Last Judgment by Michelangelo
Outline Index Vatican City portal Catholicism portal
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States with limited recognition

Part of a series on the
History of Abkhazia

Early Prehistoric settlement Antiquity
Medieval Byzantine Empire Archontate of Abasgia Kingdom of Abkhazia Kingdom of Georgia Duchy of Tskhumi Kingdom of Imereti Principality of Abkhazia
19th century to 1921 Russian Empire Expulsion of Muslim Abkhazians Russian Revolution Sochi conflict Democratic Republic of Georgia Autonomous Republic of Abkhazia
Soviet era SSR Abkhazia (1921–1931) Abkhaz ASSR (1931–1991)
Contemporary era Abkhaz–Georgian conflict Abkhazia since 1994
Abkhazia portal
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Part of a series on the
History of Kosovo

Prehistory Archaeology of Kosovo Neolithic sites Copper, Bronze and Iron Age sites
Antiquity Kingdom of Dardania Dardani
Roman Kosovo Dardania & Praevalitana Roman heritage in Kosovo Late Antiquity and Medieval sites
Medieval Kosovo Bulgarian Empire (681–1018, 1185–1396) First Empire Second Empire Kingdom of Serbia (1217–1346) Serbian Empire (1346–1371) District of Branković (1371–1412) Branković dynasty Moravian Serbia (1371–1402) Battle of Kosovo (1389) Serbian Despotate (1402–1459) Principality of Dukagjini (1387–1478) Dukagjini family
Ottoman Kosovo Eyalet of Rumelia Vilayet of Kosovo League of Prizren
20th century Kingdom of Serbia First Balkan War Kingdom of Yugoslavia (1918–1941) under Germany Albanian Kingdom under Italy under Germany Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (1945–1992) Socialist Autonomous Province
Contemporary Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (1992–2006) Autonomous Province 1991 Kosovan independence referendum First Republic Kosovo War (1998–1999) NATO bombing of Yugoslavia Kumanovo Agreement UN administration (UNMIK) 2004 unrest 2008 Kosovo declaration of independence 2008 unrest in Kosovo 2008 protests Second Republic (2008–Present) North Kosovo Crises 2011–2013 2012 Referendum Brussels Agreement Washington Agreement 2021 2022–2024 Ohrid Agreement Banjska attack
See also Timeline of Kosovo history Destruction of Albanian heritage Destruction of Serbian heritage
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Part of a series on the
History of Artsakh

Timeline
Antiquity
Artsakh
Middle Ages
Satrapy of Albania Arminiya Kingdom of Artsakh Principality of Khachen
Early Modern Age
Khamsa / Melikdoms of Karabakh Province of Karabakh Karabakh Khanate Russian Karabakh
Modern Age
Autonomous oblast First Nagorno-Karabakh War Second Nagorno-Karabakh War Independent state Dissolution
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Part of a series on the
History of Northern Cyprus

Before 1983
(see History of Cyprus) Cyprus Emergency (1955–1959) Independence of Cyprus (1960) Cyprus crisis of 1963–64 Turkish Cypriot enclaves (1963–1974) UN Peacekeeping Force (1964–present) Greek coup (1974) Turkish invasion (1974) Autonomous Turkish Cypriot Administration (1974–1975) Turkish Federated State of Cyprus (1975–1983)
Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (from 1983)
Declaration of Independence (1983) Cyprus reunification referendums (2004)
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