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Strident vowel

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Strongly pharyngealized vowels accompanied by (ary)epiglottal trill
Strident vowel
◌᷽
◌

Strident vowels (also called sphincteric vowels) are strongly pharyngealized vowels accompanied by an (ary)epiglottal trill, with the larynx being raised and the pharynx constricted. Either the epiglottis or the arytenoid cartilages thus vibrate instead of the vocal cords. That is, the epiglottal trill is the voice source for such sounds.

Strident vowels are fairly common in Khoisan languages, which contrasts them with simple pharyngealized vowels. Stridency is used in onomatopoeia in Zulu and Lamba. Stridency may be a type of phonation called harsh voice. A similar phonation, without the trill, is called ventricular voice; both have been called pressed voice. Bai, of southern China, has a register system that has allophonic strident and pressed vowels.

Subscript double tilde on the letter ⟨a⟩ (⟨a᷽⟩), to represent a strident vowel

There is no official symbol for stridency in the IPA, but a superscript ⟨⟩ (for a voiced epiglottal trill) is often used. In some literature, a subscript double tilde (≈) is sometimes used.

It has been accepted into Unicode, at code points U+1DFD and U+107B4.

Languages

These languages use phonemic strident vowels:

See also

References

  1. ^ Ladefoged, Peter; Maddieson, Ian (1996). The Sounds of the World's Languages. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishers. pp. 310–311. ISBN 0-631-19814-8. LCCN 94-49209.
  2. Miller-Ockhuizen, Amanda (2003). The phonetics and phonology of gutturals: case study from Juǀʼhoansi. Outstanding dissertations in Linguistics. New York City, NY: Routledge. p. 99. doi:10.4324/9780203506400. ISBN 978-0-415-86141-0. LCCN 2003046887.
  3. Doke, C. M. (1936). "An outline of ǂKhomani Bushman phonetics". Bantu Studies. 10 (1): 433–460. doi:10.1080/02561751.1936.9676037.

Sources

  • Moisik, Scott; Czaykowska-Higgins, Ewa; Esling, John H. (Winter 2012). Loughran, Jenny; McKillen, Alanah (eds.). "The Epilaryngeal Articulator: A New Conceptual Tool for Understanding Lingual-Laryngeal Contrasts". McGill Working Papers in Linguistics. 22 (1). McGill University.
Phonation
Glottal states (from open to closed)
BreathBreathySlack voiceModal voiceStiff voiceCreaky voiceGlottalizedBallistic
(full airstream)(murmur,
whispery voice)		(intermediate)(maximum vibration)(intermediate)(restricted airstream)(blocked airstream)(fortis)
Supra-glottal phonation
Non-phonemic phonation


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