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Type of mortar
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Sarooj is a traditional water-resistantmortar used in Iranian architecture, used in the construction of bridges and yakhchāl, ancient Persian ice houses.
It is made of clay and limestone mixed in a six-to-four ratio to make a stiff mix, and kneaded for three days. A portion of furnace slags from baths is combined with cattail (Typha) fibers, egg, and straw, and fixed, then beaten with a wooden stick for even mixing. Egg whites can be used as a water reducer as needed.
History
Mosaddad et al. report the use of a mixture consisting of lime, sand and ash in the construction of an 1800 year-old Sasanian bridge-dam on the Karoon river south of Shooshtar. The Sheikh's biogasbath-house in Isphahan featured a water-impermeable sarooj composed of lime, egg white, and bamboo dust.
Another alternative formulation used for yakhchāl and water tanks in Iran uses "sand, clay, egg whites, lime, goat hair, and ash in specific proportions." All of these examples utilize pozzolanic properties and/or incorporate biopolymerization to increase the durability and impermeability of the plaster.
