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Pseudotolithus

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Genus of fishes

Pseudotolithus
Pseudotolithus epipercus
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Acanthuriformes
Family: Sciaenidae
Genus: Pseudotolithus
Bleeker, 1863
Type species
Pseudotolithus typus
Bleeker, 1863
Species

Several, see text

Pseudotolithus is a genus of marine ray-finned fish belonging to the family Sciaenidae, the drums or croakers. The species in this genus are found in the Eastern Atlantic Ocean.

Taxonomy

Pseudotolithus was first proposed as a genus in 1863 by the Dutch physician, herpetologist and ichthyologist Pieter Bleeker when he described the new species P. brachygnathus, P. epipercus and P. typus. P. typus was designated as the type species by virtue of being named typus. Ethelwynn Trewavas placed the eastern Atlantic Afrotropical sciaenids, Pseudotolithus and Pteroscion, in the tribe Pseudotolithini. Other workers have placed this tribe in the subfamily Pseudotolithinae alongside the tribe Miracorvini, Miracorvina and Pentheroscion. However, the 5th edition of Fishes of the World does not recognise tribes or subfamilies within the Sciaenidae which it places in the order Acanthuriformes.

Etymology

Pseudotolithus prefixes Otolithus with pseudo meaning "false" due to Bleeker's perceived false resemblance between these fishes and those of that genus.

Species

Pseudotolithus has the following valid species classified within it:

Characteristics

Pseudotolithus croakers have a carrot-shaped swim bladder running the whole length of the body cavity with a pair of long tube-like appendages growing out of its front. These appendages branch into as many as 32 tubules. They do not have any barbels on the chin. The largest species in the genus is the law croaker (P. senegallus) which has a maximum published total length of 230 cm (91 in) while the smallest is the bobo croaker (P. elongatus) at 47 cm (19 in).

Distribution

Pseudotolithus croakers are found in the Western Atlantic Ocean from Morocco in the north to Angola in the south.

References

  1. ^ Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Genera in the family Sciaenidae". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
  2. Bleeker, P. (1863). "Mémoire sur les poissons de la côte de Guinée". Natuurkundige Verhandelingen van de Hollandsche Maatschappij der Wetenschappen te Haarlem (Ser. 2) (in French). 18 (1862): 1–136.
  3. ^ A. R. Longhurst (1969). A synopsis of biological data on West African croakers (Pseudotolithus typus, P. senegalensis and P. elongatus) (PDF). Rome: Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations.
  4. Kunio Sasaki (1989). "Phylogeny of the family Sciaenidae, with notes on its Zoogeography (Teleostei, Peciformes)" (PDF). Memoirs of the Faculty of Fishes Hokkaido University. 36 (1–2): 1–137.
  5. J. S. Nelson; T. C. Grande; M. V. H. Wilson (2016). Fishes of the World (5th ed.). Wiley. pp. 497–502. ISBN 978-1-118-34233-6. Archived from the original on 2019-04-08. Retrieved 2023-07-05.
  6. Christopher Scharpf & Kenneth J. Lazara, eds. (9 March 2023). "Series Eupercaria (Incertae sedis): Families Callanthidae, Centrogenyidae, Dinopercidae, Emmelichthyidae, Malacanthidae, Monodactylidae, Moronidae, Parascorpididae, Sciaenidae and Sillagidae". The ETYFish Project Fish Name Etymology Database. Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara. Archived from the original on 17 February 2022. Retrieved 5 July 2023.
  7. ^ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Species in genus Pseudotolithus". FishBase. February 2023 version.
  8. ^ Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Species in the genus Pseudotolithus". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
Taxon identifiers
Pseudotolithus
Categories:
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