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Orbita (TV system)

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Soviet and later Russian satellite TV distribution system For other uses, see Orbita, Spain.
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Orbita (Russian: орбита) is a Soviet-Russian system of broadcasting and delivering TV signals via satellites. It is considered to be the first national network of satellite television.

Orbita ground station. Khabarovsk. 1977

The Orbita system is based on communication satellites in highly elliptical Molniya orbits, as well as on many ground downlink TV stations for reception and relaying TV signals to antennas of TV sets of many local areas. The full deployment of the Orbita satellite system took place on 25 October 1967, when ground downlink stations of some cities of Soviet Siberia and the Far East began to receive regular TV programmes from Moscow-based uplink stations via a constellation of Molniya satellites.

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Television in Russia
Broadcasting
and regulation
Terrestrial Nationwide
Digital Broadcasting
Program
First Multiplex
Second Multiplex
Terrestrial and
Analog Broadcasting
or Nationwide channels
VGTRK
Gazprom-Media
National Media
Group
Media-1
Other state-owned
channels
Cable/
Satellite/
IPTV/
OTT
VGTRK
RT
Gazprom-Media
National Media
Group
Channel One (19,5%)
Media Telekom (50%)
  • Kineko (HD)
  • Sapfir (HD)
  • Terra (HD)
  • Udar (HD)
  • .Red (HD)
  • .Black (HD)
  • .Sci-Fi (HD)
  • Mi (HD)
  • Appetitny (HD)
  • Dialogi o rybalke (distribution)
  • Star Media (distribution)
  • Fenix Film (distribution)
    • Fenix plus kino (HD)
    • Oruzhie
    • Anekdot TV
  • Start Broadcasting (distribution)
    • Start (HD)
    • Start Triumpf (HD)
Moscow Media
  • Moscow 24
  • Moscow Doveriye
  • Central Television Channel
  • 360 - Moscow Region (HD)
  • 360 - Moscow News (HD)
SAFMAR Media
Viasat Russia
Others
Internet and
satellite only
Defunct
Channels don't broadcast in Russia, Joint venture Channel One and VGTRK, Joint venture National Media Group and Rostelecom


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