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Luolishaniidae Temporal range: Stage 2–Tremadocian PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
Collinsovermis (1), Luolishania (=Miraluolishania, 2), Ovatiovermis (3) and Facivermis (4)
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
(unranked):	Panarthropoda
Phylum:	†"Lobopodia"
Clade:	†Hallucishaniids
Family:	†Luolishaniidae
Genera
Acinocricus Collinsium Collinsovermis Entothyreos Facivermis Luolishania (=Miraluolishania) Ovatiovermis

The Luolishaniidae or Luolishaniida are a group of Cambrian and Ordovician lobopodians with anterior 5 or 6 pairs of setiferous lobopods. Most luolishaniids also have posterior lobopods each with a hooked claws, and thorn-shaped sclerites arranged as three or more per trunk segment. The type genus is based on Luolishania longicruris Hou and Chen, 1989, from the Chengjiang Lagerstatte, South China. They are presumed to have been benthic suspension or filter feeders.

New specimens of the previously enigmatic Facivermis show that it was a sessile tube-dweller, and part of this group.

A 2023 analysis concluded, on the basis of numerous morphological similarities, that luolishaniids might be the closest known relatives of tardigrades.

Notes

1. Caron & Aria (2020) elevated this group to the rank of order Luolishaniida, while also naming new family Collinsovermidae within that order, containing the genera Acinocricus, Collinsium and Collinsovermis.

References

1. ^ Yang, Jie; Ortega-Hernández, Javier; Gerber, Sylvain; Butterfield, Nicholas J.; Hou, Jin-bo; Lan, Tian; Zhang, Xi-guang (2015-07-14). "A superarmored lobopodian from the Cambrian of China and early disparity in the evolution of Onychophora". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 112 (28): 8678–8683. Bibcode:2015PNAS..112.8678Y. doi:10.1073/pnas.1505596112. ISSN 0027-8424. PMC 4507230. PMID 26124122.
2. ^ Jean-Bernard Caron; Cédric Aria (2020). "The Collins' monster, a spinous suspension-feeding lobopodian from the Cambrian Burgess Shale of British Columbia". Palaeontology. 63 (6): 979–994. Bibcode:2020Palgy..63..979C. doi:10.1111/pala.12499. S2CID 225593728.; Jean-Bernard Caron; Cédric Aria (2020). "Corrigendum: The Collins' monster, a spinous suspension-feeding lobopodian from the Cambrian Burgess Shale of British Columbia". Palaeontology. 63 (6): 995–996. Bibcode:2020Palgy..63..995C. doi:10.1111/pala.12509.
3. ^ Howard, Richard J.; Hou, Xianguang; Edgecombe, Gregory D.; Salge, Tobias; Shi, Xiaomei; Ma, Xiaoya (February 2020). "A Tube-Dwelling Early Cambrian Lobopodian". Current Biology. 30 (8): 1529–1536.e2. Bibcode:2020CBio...30E1529H. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2020.01.075. PMID 32109391.
4. ^ Ma, Xiaoya; Hou, Xianguang; Bergström, Jan (2009-07-01). "Morphology of Luolishania longicruris (Lower Cambrian, Chengjiang Lagerstätte, SW China) and the phylogenetic relationships within lobopodians". Arthropod Structure & Development. 38 (4): 271–291. Bibcode:2009ArtSD..38..271M. doi:10.1016/j.asd.2009.03.001. ISSN 1467-8039. PMID 19293001.
5. ^ Hou, X.; Bergström, J. A. N. (1995). "Cambrian lobopodians-ancestors of extant onychophorans?". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 114: 3–19. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.1995.tb00110.x.
6. Ou, Qiang; Mayer, Georg (2018-09-20). "A Cambrian unarmoured lobopodian, †Lenisambulatrix humboldti gen. et sp. nov., compared with new material of †Diania cactiformis". Scientific Reports. 8 (1): 13667. Bibcode:2018NatSR...813667O. doi:10.1038/s41598-018-31499-y. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 6147921. PMID 30237414.
7. Kihm, Ji-Hoon; Smith, Frank W.; Kim, Sanghee; Rho, Hyun Soo; Zhang, Xingliang; Liu, Jianni; Park, Tae-Yoon S. (2023). "Cambrian lobopodians shed light on the origin of the tardigrade body plan". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 120 (28): e2211251120. Bibcode:2023PNAS..12011251K. doi:10.1073/pnas.2211251120. PMC 10334802. PMID 37399417.

• Lobopodia
• Cambrian invertebrates
• Prehistoric protostome families