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Lieutenant ColonelJulio Adalberto Rivera
Rivera in c. 1962–1967
69th President of El Salvador
In office 1 July 1962 – 1 July 1967
Vice President	Francisco Roberto Lima
Preceded by	Eusebio Rodolfo Cordón Cea
Succeeded by	Fidel Sánchez Hernández
Personal details
Born	(1921-09-02)2 September 1921 Zacatecoluca, El Salvador
Died	29 July 1973(1973-07-29) (aged 51) San José Guayabal, El Salvador
Political party	National Conciliation Party
Spouse	Berta de Rivera
Alma mater	Captain General Gerardo Barrios Military School
Profession	Military, politician
Military service
Allegiance	El Salvador
Branch/service	Salvadoran Army
Rank	Lieutenant Colonel

Julio Adalberto Rivera Carballo (2 September 1921 – 29 July 1973) was a Salvadoran politician and military officer, who was the 34th President of El Salvador, in office from 1962 to 1967.

Early life and career

Rivera was born in Zacatecoluca, El Salvador. He was a military officer who helped to orchestrate a coup in 1961. From January to September of that year, he was a member of the Civic-Military Directory which ruled El Salvador at that time. In 1962 he was elected President for a 5-year term as the candidate of the National Conciliation Party. As president, he signed the Alianza para el Progreso with the United States and accepted a good amount of money to build low-cost housing for Salvadorans, such as the Zacamil buildings and other public works. The Times Magazines from March 16, 1962, said "Colonel Julio Rivera, is loosening the control of "the 14," a group of land and banking families who have ruled the country since Spanish colonial days", and recognized the biggest effort from the 19 Latin American countries that signed the document during the term of U.S. President John F. Kennedy.

At the same time, he started a Secret Service called ANSESAL and the head of this agency was Coronel Medrano, a CIA informant. He is known to have started Death Squads in El Salvador using military intelligence and personnel. They would interrogate and eliminate leftist suspects in both the countryside and in the capital. After leaving public office he went on to serve as Ambassador of El Salvador to the United States and the United Nations. During his tenure as president, he was often seen driving through the streets of San Salvador on his 1965 Harley-Davidson motorcycle.

Later life and death

From 1968 to 1973, he served as Ambassador to the United States. He died on July 29, 1973, aged 51.

References

1. ^ "Cnel. Julio Adalberto Rivera — Asamblea Legislativa". Archived from the original on 2015-09-23. Retrieved 2015-09-06.
2. "The Americas: Alianza Si', Progreso No". Time. 16 March 1962. Archived from the original on February 19, 2011. Retrieved 31 July 2018.

v t e Heads of state of El Salvador
Post-independence (1821–1823)	Barriere Delgado Filísola Codallos Consultive Junta Prado
Federal Republic of Central America (1823–1841)	J. Rodríguez Prado J. V. Villacorta Prado Cornejo J. D. Villacorta Cornejo Morazán J. San Martín Prado J. San Martín C. Salazar G. Salazar Escolán Silva Espinoza F. Gómez Vigil T. Menéndez Vigil T. Menéndez Cañas Morazán Silva Cañas Ramírez Lindo
Republic of El Salvador (1841–1931)	Lindo Arce Marín J. J. Guzmán D. Villacorta Marín J. J. Guzmán Arce Palacios Malespín Palacios J. E. Guzmán Palacios Aguilar Palacios Aguilar Medina Quirós Vasconcelos R. Rodríguez Vasconcelos Dueñas Quirós Dueñas J. M. San Martín Dueñas V. Gómez J. M. San Martín J. Hernández J. M. San Martín Dueñas Campo Dueñas Campo Zepeda Santín Barrios Santín J. E. Guzmán Peralta Barrios Dueñas González Méndez González del Valle Zaldívar Guirola Zaldívar Figueroa Rosales F. Menéndez C. Ezeta A. Ezeta Gutiérrez Regalado Escalón Figueroa M. Araujo C. Meléndez Quiñónez C. Meléndez Quiñónez J. Meléndez Quiñónez P. Romero A. Araujo
Military presidents (1931–1979)	Civic Directory Hernández Martínez A. Menéndez Hernández Martínez A. Menéndez Aguirre Castaneda Revolutionary Council of Government Osorio Lemus Junta of Government Civic-Military Directory Cordón Rivera F. Sánchez A. Molina C. Romero
Salvadoran Civil War (1979–1992)	Revolutionary Government Junta Magaña Duarte Cristiani
Post-Civil War (since 1992)	Cristiani Calderón Flores Saca Funes S. Sánchez Bukele C. Rodríguez
– Acting or provisional president – Military junta

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