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Chief Frank Ndwakhulu Ravele (1926–1999) was the second president of the bantustan of Venda, which was granted nominal independence from South Africa on 13 September 1979.

Ravele became president on 17 April 1988, after the death of Chief Patrick Mphephu, the first president of Venda; he served in acting capacity until 10 May. Previously, Ravele served in the cabinet as finance minister. When violent strikes and riots broke out in early 1990, he was overthrown on 5 April in a bloodless coup by General Gabriel Ramushwana, then chief of staff of the Venda Defence Force.

References

1. "Venda | South African History Online". www.sahistory.org.za.
2. "Patrick Mphephu, Homeland Leader, 63". The New York Times. 21 April 1988. Retrieved 18 October 2020.
3. "Security forces stage coup in S. African homeland". UPI Archives. 5 April 1990. Retrieved 18 October 2020.

v t e Bantustans in South Africa and South West Africa

South Africa Nominal independence Bophuthatswana Ciskei Transkei Venda Self-governance Gazankulu KaNgwane KwaNdebele KwaZulu Lebowa QwaQwa South West Africa Self-governance East Caprivi Kavangoland Ovamboland No self-governance Bushmanland Damaraland Hereroland Kaokoland Namaland Rehoboth Tswanaland Post-1980 Coloureds Whites Leaders and Administrators Bophuthatswana Head of State: Lucas Mangope (1968–94) Rocky Malebane-Metsing (Feb 1988) Administrator: Tjaart van der Walt and Job Mokgoro (Mar–Apr 1994) Bushmanland No central government established Ciskei Head of State: Lennox Sebe (1981–90) Oupa Gqozo (1990–94) Administrator: Pieter van Rensburg Goosen and Bongani Blessing Finca (Mar–Apr 1994) Damaraland Head of State: Justus ǁGaroëb (1980–89) Kaokoland No central government established Namaland Head of State: Cornelius Cloete (1980–85) Daniel Luipert (1985–89) Rehoboth Head of State: Johannes "Hans" Diergaardt (1979–89) Transkei Head of State: Botha Sigcau (1976–78) Zwelibanzi Maneli Mabandla (1978–79) Kaiser Matanzima (1979–86) Tutor Ndamase (1986–94) Administrator: Bantu Holomisa (1987–94) (Head of Military Council) Tswanaland Head of State: Constance Kgosiemang (1980–89) Venda Head of State: Patrick Mphephu (1978–88) Frank Ravele (1988–90) Gabriel Ramushwana (1990–94) Tshamano Ramabulana (Jan–Apr 1994) East Caprivi Chief Minister: Josiah Moraliswane (Mar–Sept 1976) Richard Muhinda Mamili (1976–81) Chairman: Josiah Moraliswane (1981–84) H.J. Becker (Jul–Aug 1984) F.P.J. Visagie (1984–86) I.J. van der Merwe (Mar–Aug 1986) A. G. Visser (1986–89) Gazankulu Chief Minister: Hudson William Edison Ntsanwisi (1973–93) Edward Mhinga (Mar–Apr 1993) Samuel Dickenson Nxumalo (1993–94) Hereroland Chairman: Hosea Kutako (1968–70) Clemens Kapuuo (1970–78) Kuaima Riruako (1978–80) Thimoteus Tjamuaha (1980–84) Erastus Tjejamba (1987–88) Gottlob Mbaukua (1984–89) KaNgwane Chief Minister: Enos John Mabuza (1970–81, 1984–91) Mangisi Cephas Zitha (1991–94) Administrator: N.J. Badenhorst (June–Dec 1982) Enos John Mabuza (1982–84) Kavangoland Chief Minister: Linus Shashipapo (1973–77) Alfons Shashipapo (1977–81) Sebastian Kamwanga (1981–89) KwaNdebele Chief Minister: Simon Skosana (1981–86) Klaas Mtshiweni (Nov 1986) George Majozi Mahlangu (1986–89) Jonas Masana Mabena (1989–90) James Mahlangu (1990–94) KwaZulu Chief Minister: Mangosuthu Buthelezi (1977–94) Lebowa Chief Minister: Mokgama Maurice Matlala (1972–73) Cedric Namedi Phatudi (1973–87) Z.T. Seleka (Oct 1987) Mogoboya Nelson Ramodike (1987–94) Ovamboland Chief Minister: Fillemon Elifas Shuumbwa (1973–75) Cornelius Tuhafeni Ndjoba (1975–81) Peter Kalangula (1981–89) QwaQwa Chief Minister: Wessel Motha (1974–75) Tsiame Kenneth Mopeli (1975–94)

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