| Crinozoa Temporal range: Cambrian - Recent PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N | |
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| Crinoid on the reef of Batu Moncho Island, Indonesia | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Echinodermata |
| Subphylum: | Crinozoa Matsumoto 1929 |
| Classes | |
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Crinozoa is a subphylum of mostly sessile echinoderms, of which the crinoids, or sea lilies and feather stars, are the only extant members. Crinozoans have an extremely extensive fossil history.
Classes within Crinozoa
As published in the Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Crinozoa included all stemmed groups except for the few stemmed basal solutes. When Blastozoa was erected to contain stalked forms with brachioles rather than arms, only Crinoidea and Paracrinoidea remained within Crinozoa. Recent cladistic work has placed Paracrinoidea under Blastozoa, although some sources continue to include Paracrinoidea.
One proposal for the cladistic placement of the Homalozoan classes groups Stylophora together with crinoids to form Crinozoa. A 2024 survey of recent research finds more support for Homalozoa as a paraphyletic assemblage along the echinoderm stem group, but noted that the position of Stylophora in particular was uncertain.
If neither Paracrinoidea nor Stylophora can be included, Crinozoa would be equivalent to the Crinoidea total group.
See also
- List of echinoderm orders
- Blastoids, superficially similar-appearing echinoderms that belong to a different echinoderm subphylum.
References
- Newton & Dennis 2021
- ^ "WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Crinozoa". www.marinespecies.org. Retrieved 2023-09-16.
- Ubaghs 1967, pp. S51–S52
- Sprinkle 1973, p. 4
- Sprinkle 1980, p. 26
- Limbeck et al. 2024
- David et al. 2000, pp. 547–551
- Rahman & Zamora 2024, pp. 308–310
Works cited
- David, Bruno; Lefebvre, Bertrand; Mooi, Rich; Parsley, Ronald (December 2000). "Are homalozoans echinoderms? An answer from the extraxial-axial theory". Paleobiology. 26 (4): 520–555. doi:10.1666/0094-8373(2000)026<0529:AHEAAF>2.0.CO;2.
- Limbeck, Maggie R.; Bauer, Jennifer E.; Deline, Bradley; Sumrall, Colin D. (2024). "Initial quantitative assessment of the enigmatic clade Paracrinoidea (Echinodermata)". Paleontology. 67 (3). doi:10.1111/pala.12695.
- Newton, Alisa L.; Dennis, Michelle M. (2021-03-23), LaDouceur, Elise E.B. (ed.), "Echinodermata", Invertebrate Histology (1 ed.), Wiley, pp. 1–18, doi:10.1002/9781119507697.ch1, ISBN 978-1-119-50765-9, S2CID 261009894, retrieved 2023-08-04
- Rahman, Imran A.; Zamora, Samuel (July 2024). "Origin and early evolution of echinoderms". Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences. 52: 295–320. doi:10.1146/annurev-earth-031621-113343. hdl:10141/623070.
- Sprinkle, James (1973). "Morphology and evolution of blastozoan echinoderms". Special Publication of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University. Retrieved 29 October 2024.
- Sprinkle, J. (1980). "An Overview of the Fossil Record". Notes for a Short Course: Studies in Geology. 3: 15–26. doi:10.1017/S0271164800000063.
- Ubaghs, Georges (1967). "General Characters of Echinodermata". In Moore, Raymond C. (ed.). Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part S: Echinodermata 1. Vol. 1. University of Kansas Press. pp. S3 – S60. Retrieved 29 October 2024.
| Taxon identifiers | |
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| Crinozoa | |
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