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Archaeomaenidae Temporal range: Early Jurassic-Cretaceous
Life restoration of Archaeomaene tenuis
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Actinopterygii
Division:	Teleostei
Family:	†Archaeomaenidae Boulenger, 1904
Genera
†Aphnelepis? †Archaeomaene (Type) †Gurvanichthys †Oreochima †Wadeichthys †Zaxilepis

Archaeomaenidae is an extinct family of stem-teleost fish found in freshwater environments of Jurassic New South Wales of Australia, China, and Antarctica, and in Lower Cretaceous New South Wales and Mongolia.

Archaeomaenidae was originally erected by the Belgian zoologist George Albert Boulenger for the (then) two species of Archaeomaene (A. tenuis and A. robustus) of the Talbragar fishbeds, which had originally been assigned to the family Pholidophoridae. It was later expanded to include the other Talbragar fish genera Aetheolepis and Aphnelepis as well. In 1941, Archaeomaene robustus was moved to the new genus Madariscus by R. T. Wade; however, a 2021 study found that this species most likely represents mature individuals of Archaeomaene tenuis, and is thus a junior synonym of it. Additionally, the archaeomaenid affinities of Aetheolepis and Aphnelepis have been questioned, with Aetheolepis more recently being interpreted as a member of the family Dapediidae instead. Archaeomaenidae has long been thought to be endemic to Australia, but the Asian genera Gurvanichthys of Mongolia and Zaxilepis of China, and the Antarctic genus Oreochima, suggest that the family had a much farther, possibly global range than traditionally assumed.

By the Early Cretaceous, only the Mongolian genus, Gurvanichthys, and Wadeichthys, and the archaeomaenids' apparent descendant, Koonwarria, survive, where the latter two genera form important components of the vertebrate fauna of a polar lake in what is now Koonwarra, Victoria.

The cladogram below is simplified after a phylogenetic analysis by Bean (2021). Archaeomaenidae was recovered as one of the most basal stem-teleost clades, lying crownward of the families Pachycormidae and Aspidorhynchidae, but stemward of the family Pholidophoridae:

References

1. ^ Bean, L. B. (2021). "Revision of the Mesozoic freshwater fish clade Archaeomaenidae". Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology. 45 (2): 217–259. doi:10.1080/03115518.2021.1937700. S2CID 237518065.
2. Gibson, S. Z. (2016). "Redescription and Phylogenetic Placement of †Hemicalypterus weiri Schaeffer, 1967 (Actinopterygii, Neopterygii) from the Triassic Chinle Formation, Southwestern United States: New Insights into Morphology, Ecological Niche, and Phylogeny". PLOS ONE. 11 (9): e0163657. Bibcode:2016PLoSO..1163657G. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0163657. PMC 5033578. PMID 27657923.
3. Y. N. Jakovlev. 1986. Acipenseriformes, in Nasekomye v rannemelovykh ekosistemakh zapadnoy Mongolii. The Joint Soviet-Mongolian Palaeontological Expedition 28:178-182
4. Su, Dezao. "New Early Jurassic actinopterygians from Weixin, Yunnan." Vertebrata Pal Asiatica 32.3 (1993): 151-165.
5. Schaeffer, Bobb. A Jurassic fish from Antarctica. American Museum of Natural History, 1972.
6. Waldman, Michael. Fish from the freshwater Lower Cretaceous of Victoria, Australia: with comments on the palaeo-environment. No. 9. Palaeontological Association, 1971.

v t e Teleostei sensu de Pinna, 1996 (= Teleosteomorpha)
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Actinopterygii Subclass: Neopterygii Actinopterygii see Actinopterygii Neopterygii see Neopterygii Teleostei see below↓
Teleostei Teleostei †Atacamichthys †Baleiichthys †Barschichthys †Bunoderma †Ceramurus †Diplospondichthys? †Dorsetichthys †Elpistoichthys †Eurycormus †Galkinia †Grimmenichthys †Hengnania †Hulettia? †Hungkiichthys †Ichthyokentema †Jialingichthys †Ligulella †Luxembourgichthys †Majokia †Marcopoloichthys †Neobaleiichthys †Oligopleurus? †Pholidophorichthys †Pholidophoroides †Pholidophoropsis †Prohalecites †Ruedersdorfia †Seefeldia †Seinstedtia †Signeuxella †Pachycormidae Eugnathides? Euthynotus Haasichthys Notodectes Pseudoasthenocormus Sauropsis Hypsocorminae Australopachycormus Hypsocormus Kaykay Orthocormus Protosphyraena Simocormus Asthenocorminae Asthenocormus Bonnerichthys Germanostomus Leedsichthys Martillichthys Ohmdenia Pachycormus? Rhinconichthys Saurostomus †Aspidorhynchidae Aspidorhynchus Belonostomus Jonoichthys Pseudovinctifer Richmondichthys Vinctifer †Pholidophoridae sensu stricto Annaichthys Ceneichthys Eopholidophorus Knerichthys Lombardichthys Malingichthys Parapholidophorus Pholidoctenus Pholidophoretes Pholidophorus Pholidorhynchodon Pseudopholidoctenus Zambellichthys †Archaeomaenidae Aphnelepis Archaeomaene Gurvanichthys Oreochima Wadeichthys Zaxilepis †Siyuichthyidae Bogdaichthys Dsungarichthys Manasichthys Siyuichthys Wukangia †Pleuropholidae Austropleuropholis Gondwanapleuropholis Parapleuropholis Pleuropholis Zurupleuropholis †Ankylophoridae Ankylophorus Lehmanophorus Neopholidophoropsis Pholidophoristion Siemensichthys Songaichthys Steurbautichthys †Catervariolidae Catervariolus Kisanganichthys Songanella Cycloid clade †Antofagastaichthys †Araripichthys †Cavenderichthys †Koonwarria? †Luisiella †Paraclupavus †Pholidolepis? †Todiltia †Waldmanichthys †Leptolepididae Leptolepis Longileptolepis Proleptolepis †Ascalaboidae Ascalabos Ebertichthys Tharsis †Crossognathiformes see Crossognathiformes †Ichthyodectiformes see Ichthyodectiformes Crown-Teleostei see below↓
Crown-Teleostei Elopomorpha see Elopomorpha †Orthogonikleithridae Cavenderichthys? Leptolepides Orthogonikleithrus Waldmanichthys? Osteoglossomorpha see Osteoglossomorpha †Tselfatiiformes Eoplethodus Protobramidae Abisaadichthys Eusebichthys Protobrama Plethodidae Bachea Bananogmius Concavotectum Dixonanogmius Enischnorhynchus Luxilites Martinichthys Moorevillia Niobrara Paranogmius Pentanogmius Plethodus Pseudonogmius Pseudothryptodus Rhamphoichthys Syntegmodus Thryptodus Tselfatia Zanclites Clupeocephala Otocephala Euteleostei

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• Archaeomaenidae
• Teleostei families
• Early Jurassic first appearances
• Jurassic bony fish
• Early Cretaceous bony fish
• Early Cretaceous extinctions
• Freshwater fish
• Taxa named by George Albert Boulenger
• Prehistoric ray-finned fish stubs