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General elections were held in Jordan on 10 September 2024 to elect the 20th House of Representatives, the lower house of the Parliament of Jordan.
Background
On 25 July 2024, King Abdullah II of Jordan issued a royal decree to dissolve the House of Representatives. This dissolution preceded parliamentary elections set for September 10. The previous House of Representatives had been elected in November 2020.
These elections follow reforms that lowered the candidacy age from 30 to 25, and allow for a mixed proportional representation system for 138 seats. The new system allows two votes for each person, one vote for lists running in 18 local districts competing for 97 seats, and another for political parties for the national district for 41 seats, with 12 quotas for the Christian, Circassian, and Chechen minorities, as well as 18 seats for women. In upcoming elections, the percentage of seats for the national district is expected to increase until parliamentary majorities allow for formation of parliamentary governments.
On 13 June, the Islamic Action Front, the largest opposition party in Jordan, sent a letter to Prime Minister Bisher Khasawneh, complaining of “electoral harassment” practiced against potential candidates and supporters by the kingdom’s security services.
Starting on 16 August, fake election posters went viral showing The Boys actor Antony Starr as Homelander, photo-shopped to look like a politician being plastered across the country to satirize candidate Khaled Musa Issa Abu Hassan's strategy of putting up an unseemly amount of posters to cover up most public spaces.
Just two days before the election, a Jordanian truck driver killed three Israeli guards at the country's border crossing with the West Bank, in the first such attack since the 1990s.
Electoral system
The elections were the first to be held after a series of constitutional amendments and a new electoral and political parties laws that enabled new changes, recommended by the Royal Committee to Modernize the Political System. These new changes include lowering the candidacy age from 30 to 25, and allows for a mixed electoral system. The new proportional representation system allows two votes for each person, one vote for open lists running in 18 local districts, and another closed list for political parties for the national district. Out of the 138 seats of the House, 97 are for representatives from local district, and 41 for representatives from the national district, with 12 quotas for the Christian, Circassian, and Chechen minorities, as well as 18 seats for women's quota. Despite the quotas, these groups can also compete in non-quota seats. In upcoming elections, the percentage of seats for the national district is expected to increase until parliamentary majorities allow for formation of parliamentary governments.
Election
937 candidates on 172 lists ran for the 97 seats of the 18 local electoral districts, while 686 candidates on 25 lists belonging to 36 parties ran for the 41 seats of the national district. There were a total of 5,080,858 registered voters.
Polling opened at 07:00 and closed at 19:00.
Results
National district
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Islamic Action Front 10–20% 20–30% 30–40% 40–50% 50–60% Jordanian Communist Party 20–30%
| Party | Votes | % | Seats | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| General | Circassian/ Chechen | Christian | Total | |||||
| Islamic Action Front | 464,350 | 33.69 | 17 | 0 | 0 | 17 | ||
| National Charter Party | 93,680 | 6.80 | 3 | 1 | 0 | 4 | ||
| National Islamic Party | 87,519 | 6.35 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 | ||
| Eradah Party | 75,121 | 5.45 | 3 | 0 | 0 | 3 | ||
| National Union Movement | 66,227 | 4.81 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 3 | ||
| Progress Party (Jordan) | 61,199 | 4.44 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 3 | ||
| Blessed Land Party | 50,244 | 3.65 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | ||
| Jordanian Labor Party | 50,142 | 3.64 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | ||
| Namaa-Labor Alliance | 45,859 | 3.33 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | ||
| Azem Party | 41,891 | 3.04 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 2 | ||
| Jordanian Communist Party | 38,633 | 2.80 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Building & Labour Coalition | 37,068 | 2.69 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
| National Loyalty | 34,076 | 2.47 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
| National Development Party | 27,909 | 2.03 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Jordanian Future and Life Party | 26,091 | 1.89 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
| National Construction | 26,090 | 1.89 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Vision Party | 26,000 | 1.89 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Democratic Current Alliance | 23,551 | 1.71 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Justice and Reform Party | 20,023 | 1.45 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Jordanian National Democratic Alliance | 17,939 | 1.30 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
| New Approach List | 17,622 | 1.28 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Unionist and National Constitutional Alliance | 14,239 | 1.03 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Rise List Alliance | 12,354 | 0.90 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Jordanian Shura Council | 11,968 | 0.87 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Ennahda and Democratic Workers Party | 8,330 | 0.60 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Total | 1,378,125 | 100.00 | 38 | 1 | 2 | 41 | ||
| Valid votes | 1,378,125 | 84.12 | ||||||
| Invalid/blank votes | 260,231 | 15.88 | ||||||
| Total votes | 1,638,356 | 100.00 | ||||||
| Registered voters/turnout | 5,080,858 | 32.25 | ||||||
| Source: Independent Election Commission | ||||||||
Local districts
 | This section is missing information about which list(s) represent which parties. Please expand the section to include this information. Further details may exist on the talk page. (August 2024) |
| Results by district | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| District | Registered | List | Votes | Seats | |||
| General | Circassian/ Chechen |
Christian | Women | ||||
| Ajloun | 114,300 | People of Resolve | 15,307 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
| Sons of Ajloun Mountains | 12,574 | 1 | |||||
| Union | 9,873 | ||||||
| Khait Al-Laban Ajloun | 9,175 | ||||||
| Loyalty | 8,260 | ||||||
| Right | 2,840 | ||||||
| Agreement | 73 | ||||||
| Invalid | 3,846 | ||||||
| Amman 1 | 617,759 | Islamic Action Front | 22,133 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Amman | 17,346 | 1 | |||||
| The Covenant | 17,310 | 1 | |||||
| Al-Aqsa Mosque | 16,180 | 1 | |||||
| To Inspire | 14,202 | 1 | |||||
| Union | 8,916 | ||||||
| The Future | 7,381 | ||||||
| Right | 5,215 | ||||||
| Determination | 5,132 | ||||||
| Renewal | 1,474 | ||||||
| Invalid | 5,230 | ||||||
| Amman 2 | 852,487 | Islamic Action Front | 38,361 | 2 | 1 | 1 | |
| Growth | 31,998 | 1 | |||||
| Union | 20,745 | 1 | |||||
| The Brave Ones | 18,837 | 1 | |||||
| Right | 15,528 | 1 | |||||
| Elite | 12,789 | ||||||
| Dignity | 6,500 | ||||||
| Unity | 2,263 | ||||||
| Growth and Work Alliance | 1,623 | ||||||
| Invalid | 7,309 | ||||||
| Amman 3 | 484,055 | The Future | 26,489 | 1 | |||
| Islamic Action Front | 22,486 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
| Packages | 9,418 | 1 | |||||
| The Brave Ones | 9,395 | 1 | |||||
| Union | 8,071 | ||||||
| Accord | 6,777 | ||||||
| Change | 6,643 | ||||||
| The Banner | 3,425 | ||||||
| Accomplishment | 3,405 | ||||||
| Amman People | 1,691 | ||||||
| Gaza Hashem | 1,214 | ||||||
| Message | 452 | ||||||
| Palm Tree | 51 | ||||||
| Invalid | 5,906 | ||||||
| Aqaba | 80,760 | Islamic Action Front | 8,236 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Covenant | 8,229 | 1 | |||||
| Homeland | 5,583 | ||||||
| Jordan Gap | 4,485 | ||||||
| Aqaba | 2,194 | ||||||
| Accord | 657 | ||||||
| Sincerity | 417 | ||||||
| Youth of the Country | 65 | ||||||
| Invalid | 879 | ||||||
| Balqa | 352,948 | Covenant | 24,566 | 1 | |||
| Justice | 24,357 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
| Blessing | 18,483 | 1 | |||||
| Loyalty | 17,460 | 1 | |||||
| List of Goodness | 14,994 | 1 | |||||
| Sons of Balqa | 12,966 | 1 | |||||
| Islamic Action Front | 10,416 | ||||||
| Change | 7,729 | ||||||
| The Sons of the General | 3,613 | ||||||
| Peace | 2,026 | ||||||
| Nashmiyat Balqa | 819 | ||||||
| Invalid | 6,410 | ||||||
| Irbid 1 | 569,974 | Justice | 22,387 | 1 | 1 | ||
| The Audience | 21,213 | 1 | |||||
| Islamic Action Front | 19,048 | 1 | |||||
| The Covenant | 18,645 | 1 | |||||
| The Future | 16,972 | 1 | |||||
| Cooperation | 16,147 | 1 | |||||
| Dignity | 14,520 | 1 | |||||
| Loyalty | 13,935 | ||||||
| Homeland | 11,635 | ||||||
| The Brave Ones | 11,448 | ||||||
| The Poor | 10,546 | ||||||
| Accord | 9,664 | ||||||
| Invalid | 10,854 | ||||||
| Irbid 2 | 324,321 | Knights | 20,347 | 1 | 1 | ||
| The People | 19,168 | 1 | |||||
| The Covenant | 18,709 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Justice | 16,786 | 1 | |||||
| Loyalty | 14,745 | 1 | |||||
| Progress | 14,270 | ||||||
| Change | 10,444 | ||||||
| The Brave Ones | 10,090 | ||||||
| Youth | 4,005 | ||||||
| Hope List | 1,027 | ||||||
| Gate of ar-Rayyan | 972 | ||||||
| Invalid | 8,355 | ||||||
| Jerash | 129,236 | People of Determination | 12,425 | 1 | |||
| Jerash | 11,372 | 1 | |||||
| The Country Deserves It | 11,035 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Jerash Will | 7,580 | ||||||
| Loyalty | 6,935 | ||||||
| The Brave Ones | 6,864 | ||||||
| Islamic Action Front | 5,369 | ||||||
| Renaissance | 3,825 | ||||||
| Message | 2,580 | ||||||
| Invalid | 3,401 | ||||||
| Karak | 189,268 | The Light | 16,785 | 1 | |||
| Loyalty | 16,050 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
| Message | 13,750 | 1 | |||||
| Good | 13,365 | 1 | |||||
| Right Bloc | 8,955 | 1 | |||||
| Karak | 8,266 | 1 | |||||
| Victory | 7,907 | ||||||
| Islamic Action Front | 7,449 | ||||||
| Dawn of the Jordan Valley | 5,272 | ||||||
| Palm Block | 4,572 | ||||||
| Al-Mizan | 2,934 | ||||||
| The Coffee Pot | 2,380 | ||||||
| Justice | 2,261 | ||||||
| The Job | 1,946 | ||||||
| Science and Knowledge | 110 | ||||||
| Dignity | 87 | ||||||
| The Shemagh | 31 | ||||||
| Invalid | 4,717 | ||||||
| Ma'an | 57,414 | Union | 6,263 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Right | 6,018 | 1 | |||||
| Accord | 5,999 | 1 | |||||
| Covenant | 5,920 | ||||||
| Al-Shoubak | 4,715 | ||||||
| Panic | 4,071 | ||||||
| Invalid | 1,589 | ||||||
| Madaba | 126,381 | Madaba | 10,080 | 1 | |||
| Loyalty | 9,271 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||
| Covenant | 7,546 | ||||||
| Thiban | 6,693 | ||||||
| Dignity | 5,841 | ||||||
| National Unity | 5,501 | ||||||
| Islamic Action Front | 5,240 | ||||||
| Determination | 4,625 | ||||||
| Jerusalem | 1,011 | ||||||
| Al-Mizan | 381 | ||||||
| Invalid | 3,775 | ||||||
| Mafraq | 110,932 | Right Block | 17,465 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Knights of Mafraq | 11,399 | 1 | |||||
| Mafraq Brings Us Together | 11,262 | 1 | |||||
| The Flag | 10,817 | ||||||
| Wisdom | 3,820 | ||||||
| Sons of Ploughmen | 105 | ||||||
| Invalid | 2,940 | ||||||
| Tafilah | 61,996 | We are Proud of the country | 5,124 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Rain | 4,387 | 1 | |||||
| The Proud Tafilah | 3,799 | 1 | |||||
| Dawn | 3,456 | ||||||
| Union | 3,367 | ||||||
| Dignity | 3,280 | ||||||
| The Banner | 2,922 | ||||||
| The Promise | 2,790 | ||||||
| Free Sound | 2,122 | ||||||
| Certainty | 481 | ||||||
| The Determination | 89 | ||||||
| Invalid | 2,128 | ||||||
| Zarqa | 727,569 | Dignity | 41,335 | 2 | 1 | 1 | |
| Islamic Action Front | 20,169 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Determination | 17,357 | 1 | |||||
| Agreement | 15,204 | 1 | |||||
| Progress | 14,142 | 1 | |||||
| National Islamic Party | 13,206 | 1 | |||||
| Union | 12,195 | ||||||
| Sons of the Country | 11,071 | ||||||
| Sons of Zarqa | 3,675 | ||||||
| Workers | 1,612 | ||||||
| National Loyalty | 276 | ||||||
| Invalid | 7,205 | ||||||
| Bedouins of the North | 119,184 | The Candle | 12,599 | 1 | |||
| Thunder of the North | 12,545 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Chivalry | 11,035 | ||||||
| Loyalty and Covenant | 8,722 | ||||||
| Accord | 7,768 | ||||||
| Dignity | 3,065 | ||||||
| Badia Union | 2,223 | ||||||
| Invalid | 2,376 | ||||||
| Bedouins of the Middle | 76,322 | Blessing | 6,669 | 1 | |||
| Determination | 6,559 | 1 | 1 | ||||
| Accord | 6,097 | ||||||
| Dignity | 6,073 | ||||||
| Honesty | 4,037 | ||||||
| The Future | 3,456 | ||||||
| Renaissance | 2,463 | ||||||
| One Body | 1,385 | ||||||
| Justice | 520 | ||||||
| Invalid | 1,546 | ||||||
| Bedouins of the South | 85,952 | The Brave Ones | 15,788 | 1 | 1 | ||
| National Charter Party | 13,414 | 1 | |||||
| Loyalty | 11,885 | ||||||
| The Future | 9,879 | ||||||
| List of Goodness | 951 | ||||||
| Invalid | 980 | ||||||
Aftermath
The Islamic Action Front saw significant gains, winning 31 seats; however, this was not enough to win a majority outright. This was the strongest showing for Islamist parties in parliamentary elections since 1989. Etaf Roudan, a Jordanian journalist, stated that the IAF's political position on the Palestinian issue had pushed leftists, traditional nationalists, and tribal forces to vote for the Islamic party.
This stance was reflected by Murad al-Adaileh, general secretary of the IAF, who said that the election results showed "The next House of Representatives must be robust in confronting the extreme Israeli right, which may, in the future, align with the extreme American right if Trump wins the US elections." France 24 reported that the "nearly half a million votes" the IAF won was "unprecedented in their history in Jordan." Adaileh also claimed that the election results were a "popular referendum" for Jordan to scrap the Israel–Jordan peace treaty, and to back Hamas.
On 15 September, Bisher Khasawneh resigned as prime minister. In response, King Abdullah nominated his chief of staff, Jafar Hassan, to form a new government.
References
- "Analyzing Jordan's Parliamentary Elections 2024". Carnegie Endownment for International Peace. Retrieved 4 October 2024.
- "Jordan sets September 10 as date for parliamentary elections". The National. 2024-04-24. Retrieved 2024-04-26.
- "Parliamentary elections for 20th Lower House to be held on September 10 – IEC". Jordan Times. 2024-04-24. Retrieved 2024-04-26.
- ^ "Elections in the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan: 2024 Parliamentary Elections | IFES - The International Foundation for Electoral Systems". www.ifes.org. 2024-09-04. Retrieved 2024-09-07.
- "Jordan Islamists complain of 'harassment' ahead of possible elections". Middle East Monitor. Retrieved 8 September 2024.
- Harrington, Kayla (20 August 2024). "The Boys stars appear on Jordan presidential election posters and everyone's confused". Dexerto. Retrieved 8 September 2024.
- ^ Ersan, Mohammad. "Jordan: Islamic opposition makes large gains in parliamentary elections". Middle East Eye. Retrieved 11 September 2024.
- "Jordanians go to the polls in parliamentary elections". Africanews. September 10, 2024.
- "انتخابات مجلس النواب ٢٠٢٤" [House of Representatives Elections 2024]. Independent Election Commission (in Arabic).
- "النتائــــج النهائيــة للانتخابات النيابيــة لأعضاء مجلس النواب العشرين للعام 2024" [Final results of the parliamentary elections for the twentieth parliament of the House of Representatives for the year 2024] (PDF). Official Gazette, Issue No. 5950 (in Arabic). 14 September 2024.
- "Jordan's Islamist opposition party tops parliamentary elections". Al Jazeera. Retrieved 12 September 2024.
- "Jordan's Islamist party tops election overshadowed by anger over Gaza war". France 24. 11 September 2024. Retrieved 11 September 2024.
- "Jordan's Islamists Bounce Back in Election Clouded by Gaza War". Reuters. U.S. News & World Report. Retrieved 11 September 2024.
- "Jordan's king appoints new PM after general election". France 24. 15 September 2024. Retrieved 15 September 2024.
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