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{{chembox |
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| verifiedrevid = 418978983 |
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| verifiedrevid = 428732433 |
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|ImageFile=Coen3.png |
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| ImageFile =Tris(ethylenediamine)cobalt(III) (molecular diagram).svg |
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|ImageSize=300px |
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|IUPACName=cobalt tris(ethylenediamine) chloride |
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| ImageSize =| ImageFileL2 = Lambda-Tris(ethylenediamine)cobalt(III)-chloride-3D-balls-by-AHRLS-2012.png |
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| ImageSizeL2 = 150px |
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|OtherNames= tris(ethylenediamine)cobalt(III) chloride |
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| ImageFileR2 = Delta-Tris(ethylenediamine)cobalt(III)-chloride-3D-balls-by-AHRLS-2012.png |
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|Section1= {{Chembox Identifiers |
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| CASNo=207802-43-5 |
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| PubChem= |
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| IUPACName =cobalt tris(ethylenediamine) chloride |
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| OtherNames = tris(ethylenediamine)cobalt(III) chloride |
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}} |
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|Section2= {{Chembox Properties |
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|Section1={{Chembox Identifiers |
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| index3_label = trihydrate: |
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| Formula=C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>24</sub>N<sub>6</sub>Cl<sub>3</sub>Co |
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| index2_label = dihydrate: |
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| MolarMass=345.59 |
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| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|??}} |
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| Appearance=yellow-orange solid |
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| CASNo =207802-43-5 |
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| Density= |
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| ChemSpiderID = 147079 |
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| MeltingPt=275°C (decomp) |
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| DTXSID2 = DTXSID10746548 |
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| Solubility=water |
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| PubChem2 = 71311392 |
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| PubChem3 = 73995044 |
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| InChI=1S/3C2H8N2.3ClH.Co/c3*3-1-2-4;;;;/h3*1-4H2;3*1H;/q;;;;;;+3/p-3 |
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| InChIKey = NFUAZJFARNNNFB-UHFFFAOYSA-K |
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| SMILES = C(CN)N.C(CN)N.C(CN)N.... |
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| InChI2=1S/3C2H8N2.3ClH.Co.2H2O/c3*3-1-2-4;;;;;;/h3*1-4H2;3*1H;;2*1H2/q;;;;;;+3;;/p-3 |
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| InChIKey2 = ALLUKJGRPOLBEF-UHFFFAOYSA-K |
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| SMILES2 = C(CN)N.C(CN)N.C(CN)N.O.O.Cl(Cl)Cl |
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| InChI3=1S/3C2H8N2.3ClH.Co.3H2O/c3*3-1-2-4;;;;;;;/h3*1-4H2;3*1H;;3*1H2/q;;;;;;+3;;;/p-3 |
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| InChIKey3 = WBMVTRUQSMZIKW-UHFFFAOYSA-K |
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| SMILES3 = C(CN)N.C(CN)N.C(CN)N.O.O.O.... |
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|Section3= {{Chembox Hazards |
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|Section2={{Chembox Properties |
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| Formula =C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>24</sub>N<sub>6</sub>Cl<sub>3</sub>Co |
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| MolarMass =345.59 |
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| Appearance =yellow-orange solid |
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| Density = |
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| MeltingPtC = 275 |
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| MeltingPt_notes = (decomposes) |
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|Section3={{Chembox Hazards |
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'''Tris(ethylenediamine)cobalt(III) chloride''' is a ] with the formula Cl<sub>3</sub> (where "en" is the abbreviation for ]). This complex was important in the history of coordination chemistry because of its stability and its ]. Many different salts have been described. The complex was first described by ] who isolated this salt as yellow-gold needle-like crystals.<ref>{{cite journal |
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'''Tris(ethylenediamine)cobalt(III) chloride''' is an ] with the formula Cl<sub>3</sub> (where "en" is the abbreviation for ]). It is the chloride salt of the ] <sup>3+</sup>. This trication was important in the history of coordination chemistry because of its stability and its ]. Many different salts have been described. The complex was first described by ] who isolated this salt as yellow-gold needle-like crystals.<ref>{{cite journal |
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| author = A. Werner |
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| author = A. Werner |
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| title = Zur Kenntnis des asymmetrischen Kobaltatoms. V |
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| title = Zur Kenntnis des asymmetrischen Kobaltatoms. V |
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| issue = 1 |
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| issue = 1 |
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| pages = 121–130 |
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| pages = 121–130 |
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| doi = 10.1002/cber.19120450116}}</ref> |
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| doi = 10.1002/cber.19120450116| url = https://zenodo.org/record/1426471 |
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}}</ref> |
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==Synthesis and structure== |
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==Synthesis and structure== |
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The compound is prepared from an aqueous solution of ethylenediamine and virtually any cobalt(II) salt, such as ]. The solution is purged with air to oxidize the cobalt(II)-ethylenediamine complexes to cobalt(III). The reaction proceeds in 95% yield, and the tri] can be isolated with a variety of anions. A detailed product analysis of a large-scale synthesis revealed that one minor by-product was Cl<sub>3</sub>, which contains a rare monodentate ethylenediamine ligand (protonated).<ref>{{cite journal |
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The compound is prepared from an aqueous solution of ethylenediamine and virtually any cobalt(II) salt, such as ]. The solution is purged with air to oxidize the cobalt(II)-ethylenediamine complexes to cobalt(III). The reaction proceeds in 95% yield, and the ] can be isolated with a variety of anions. A detailed product analysis of a large-scale synthesis revealed that one minor by-product was Cl<sub>3</sub>, which contains a rare monodentate ethylenediamine ligand (protonated).<ref>{{cite journal |
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| author = Jack M. Harrowfield, Mark I. Ogden, Brian W. Skelton, Allan H. White |
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|author1=Jack M. Harrowfield |author2=Mark I. Ogden |author3=Brian W. Skelton |author4=Allan H. White | title = Alfred Werner Revisited: Some Subtleties of Complex Ion Synthesis and Isomerism |
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| journal = Comptes Rendus Chimie |
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| title = Alfred Werner revisited: Some subtleties of complex ion synthesis and isomerism |
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| journal = C. R. Chimie |
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| year = 2005 |
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| year = 2005 |
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| volume = 8 |
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| volume = 8 |
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| issue = 2 |
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| issue = 2 |
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| pages = 121–128 |
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| pages = 121–128 |
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| doi = 10.1016/j.crci.2004.10.013}}</ref> |
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| doi = 10.1016/j.crci.2004.10.013|hdl=20.500.11937/8231 |url=https://comptes-rendus.academie-sciences.fr/chimie/articles/10.1016/j.crci.2004.10.013/ | hdl-access = free}}</ref> |
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The cation <sup>3+</sup> is ] with Co-N distances in the range 1.947-1.981 ]. The N-Co-N angles are 85° within the chelate rings and 90° between nitrogen atoms on adjacent rings.<ref name=Wit>{{cite journal |
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The cation <sup>3+</sup> is ] with Co-N distances in the range 1.947–1.981 ]. The N-Co-N angles are 85° within the chelate rings and 90° between nitrogen atoms on adjacent rings.<ref name=Wit>{{cite journal |
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| author = D. Witiak, J. C. Clardy, and D. S. Martin, Jnr. |
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| author = D. Witiak, J. C. Clardy, and D. S. Martin, Jnr. |
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| title = The Crystal Structure of (+)-D-tris(ethylenediamine)cobalt(III) nitrate |
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| title = The Crystal Structure of (+)-D-Tris(ethylenediamine)cobalt(III) Nitrate |
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| journal = ] |
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| journal = ] |
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| year = 1972 |
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| year = 1972 |
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| issue = 9 |
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| issue = 9 |
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| pages = 2694–2699 |
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| pages = 2694–2699 |
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| doi = 10.1107/S056774087200679X}}</ref> |
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| doi = 10.1107/S056774087200679X| bibcode = 1972AcCrB..28.2694W |
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}}</ref> |
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==Stereochemistry== |
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==Stereochemistry== |
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<sup>3+</sup>. One of the three C<sub>2</sub> symmetry axes is shown in red.]] |
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The complex can be resolved into ]s that are described as Δ and Λ. Usually the resolution entails use of ] salts.<ref>{{cite journal |
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| author = J. A. Broomhead, F. P. Dwyer, J. W. Hogarth |
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The point group of this complex is D<sub>3</sub>. The complex can be resolved into ]s that are described as Δ and Λ. Usually the resolution entails use of ] salts.<ref>{{cite book |
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| editor1-last = Rochow |
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|author=J. A. Broomhead |author2=F. P. Dwyer |author3=J. W. Hogarth |
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| editor1-first = Eugene G. |
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| title = Resolution of the Tris(Ethylenediamine)Cobalt(III) Ion |
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| title = Inorganic Syntheses |
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| chapter = Resolution of the Tris(Ethylenediamine)Cobalt(III) Ion |
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| journal = Inorganic Syntheses |
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| year = 1960 |
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| year = 1960 |
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| volume = VI |
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| volume = VI |
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| pages = 183–186 |
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| pages = 183–186 |
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| doi =10.1002/9780470132371.ch58| isbn =978-0-470-13237-1 |
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| doi =10.1002/9780470132371}}</ref> The optical resolution is a standard component of inorganic synthesis courses.<ref>Girolami, G. S.; Rauchfuss, T. B. and Angelici, R. J., Synthesis and Technique in Inorganic Chemistry, University Science Books: Mill Valley, CA, 1999.ISBN 0935702482</ref> Because of its nonplanarity, the MN<sub>2</sub>C<sub>2</sub> rings can adopt either of two ], which are described by the symbols λ and δ. The registry between these ring conformations and the absolute configuration of the metal centers is described by the nomenclature lel (when the en backbone lies parallel with the C<sub>3</sub> symmetry axis) or ob (when the en backbone is obverse to this same C<sub>3</sub> axis). Thus, the following ]ic conformations can be identified: Δ-(lel)<sub>3</sub>, Δ-(lel)<sub>2</sub>(ob), Δ-(lel)(ob)<sub>2</sub>, and Δ-(ob)<sub>3</sub>. The mirror images of these species of course exist also.<ref>von Zelewsky, A. "Stereochemistry of Coordination Compounds" John Wiley: Chichester, 1995. ISBN 047195599.</ref> |
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}}</ref> The optical resolution is a standard component of inorganic synthesis courses.<ref>Girolami, G. S.; Rauchfuss, T. B. and Angelici, R. J., Synthesis and Technique in Inorganic Chemistry, University Science Books: Mill Valley, CA, 1999 {{ISBN|0-935702-48-2}}</ref> Because of its nonplanarity, the MN<sub>2</sub>C<sub>2</sub> rings can adopt either of two ], which are described by the symbols λ and δ. The registry between these ring conformations and the absolute configuration of the metal centers is described by the nomenclature lel (when the en backbone lies parallel with the C<sub>3</sub> symmetry axis) or ob (when the en backbone is obverse to this same C<sub>3</sub> axis). Thus, the following ]ic conformations can be identified: Δ-('''lel''')<sub>3</sub>, Δ-(lel)<sub>2</sub>(ob), Δ-(lel)(ob)<sub>2</sub>, and Δ-('''ob''')<sub>3</sub>. The mirror images of these species of course exist also.<ref>von Zelewsky, A. "Stereochemistry of Coordination Compounds" John Wiley: Chichester, 1995 {{ISBN|047195599X}}.</ref> |
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<sup>3+</sup>. One of the three C<sub>2</sub> symmetry axes is shown in red.]] |
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==Hydrates== |
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==Hydrates== |
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Cationic coordination complexes of ] and ] amines typically crystallize with water in the ], and the stoichiometry can depend on the conditions of crystallization and, in the cases of chiral complexes, the optical purity of the cation. Racemic Cl<sub>3</sub> is most often obtained as the di- or trihydrate. For the optically pure salt (+)-Cl<sub>3</sub><sup>.</sup>1.5H<sub>2</sub>0, (+)-Cl<sub>3</sub><sup>.</sup>0.5NaCl<sup>.</sup>3H<sub>2</sub>O, and (+)-Cl<sub>3</sub><sup>.</sup>H<sub>2</sub>O are also known.<ref name=Wit/> |
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Cationic coordination complexes of ] and ] amines typically crystallize with water in the ], and the stoichiometry can depend on the conditions of crystallization and, in the cases of chiral complexes, the optical purity of the cation. Racemic Cl<sub>3</sub> is most often obtained as the di- or trihydrate. For the optically pure salt (+)-Cl<sub>3</sub>·1.5H<sub>2</sub>O, (+)-Cl<sub>3</sub>·0.5NaCl·3H<sub>2</sub>O, and (+)-Cl<sub>3</sub>·H<sub>2</sub>O are also known.<ref name=Wit/> |
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==References== |
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==References== |
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