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Revision as of 22:13, 6 August 2011 by CheMoBot (talk | contribs) (Updating {{chembox}} (no changed fields - added verified revid - updated 'DrugBank_Ref', 'UNII_Ref', 'ChEMBL_Ref', 'ChEBI_Ref', 'KEGG_Ref') per Chem/Drugbox validation (report [[Wikipedia_talk:Wi)(diff) ← Previous revision | Latest revision (diff) | Newer revision → (diff) Not to be confused with Barium sulfate. | |
| Identifiers | |
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| CAS Number | |
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| ChEBI | |
| ChemSpider | |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.040.180 
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| EC Number |
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InChI
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SMILES
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| Properties | |
| Chemical formula | BaS |
| Molar mass | 169.39 g/mol |
| Density | 4.25 g/cm |
| Melting point | 1200 °C |
| Boiling point | decomposes |
| Solubility in water | 2.88 g/cm (0 °C) 7.68 g/cm (20 °C) 60.3 g/100 mL (100 °C) |
| Solubility | insoluble in alcohol |
| Refractive index (nD) | 2.155 |
| Structure | |
| Crystal structure | Halite (cubic), cF8 |
| Space group | Fm3m, No. 225 |
| Coordination geometry | Octahedral (Ba); octahedral (S) |
| Hazards | |
| NFPA 704 (fire diamond) |
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| Related compounds | |
| Other anions | Barium oxide |
| Other cations | Magnesium sulfide Calcium sulfide Strontium sulfide |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C , 100 kPa).
 Y verify (what is ?)
Infobox references
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Barium sulfide is the inorganic compound with the formula BaS. BaS is an important precursor to other barium compounds including BaCO3 and the pigment lithopone, ZnS/BaSO4. Like other chalcogenides of the alkaline earth metals, BaS is a short wavelength emitters for electronic displays. It is colorless, although like many sulfides, it is commonly obtained in impure colored forms.
Discovery, production, properties
The BaS was prepared by Vincentius (or Vincentinus) Casciarolus (or Casciorolus, 1571-1624) via reduction of BaSO4 (available as the mineral barite). It is currently manufactured by an improved version of Casciarolus's route using coke in place of flour. This kind of conversion is called a carbothermic reaction:
- BaSO4 + 2 C → BaS + 2 CO2
The phosphorescence of the substance made the material a curiosity and various alchemists and chemists made experiments with the material which was known as Lapis Boloniensis, Chrysolapis or bologna stone.
Andreas Sigismund Marggraf showed that calcite and gypsum were not very suitable for the production of the bologna stone, but a special heavy fluorspar, in the end he concluded that calcium sulfate is the material from which the bologna stone is made.
BaS crystallizes with the NaCl structure, featuring octahedral Ba and S centres.
Safety
BaS is quite poisonous, as are related sulfides, such as CaS, which evolve toxic hydrogen sulfide upon contact with water. The particular problem with BaS is that its name resembles that of barium sulfate, an insoluble, non-toxic material given in large doses to some medical patients. Switching BaS for BaSO4 is lethal.
References
- Lide, David R., ed. (2006). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (87th ed.). Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0487-3.
- Holleman, A. F.; Wiberg, E. "Inorganic Chemistry" Academic Press: San Diego, 2001. ISBN 0-12-352651-5.
- Vij, D. R.; Singh, N. "Optical and electrical properties of II-VI wide gap semiconducting barium sulfide" Proceedings of SPIE (1992), 1523 (Conf. Phys. Technol. Semicond. Devices Integr. Circuits, 1992), 608-12.
- F. Licetus, Litheosphorus, sive de lapide Bononiensi lucem in se conceptam ab ambiente claro mox in tenebris mire conservante, Utini, ex typ. N. Schiratti, 1640. See http://www.chem.leeds.ac.uk/delights/texts/Demonstration_21.htm
- "Lapis Boloniensis". www.zeno.org.
- Lemery, Nicolas (1714). Trait℗e universel des drogues simples.
- Ozanam, Jacques; Montucla, Jean Etienne; Hutton, Charles (1814). Recreations in mathematics and natural philosophy .
- Marggraf, Andreas Sigismund (1767). Chymische Schriften.