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Dáil constituency (1948–2011)
Limerick East was a parliamentary constituency represented in Dáil Éireann , the lower house of the Irish parliament or Oireachtas from 1948 to 2011. The method of election was proportional representation by means of the single transferable vote (PR-STV).
History and boundaries
The constituency was created under the Electoral (Amendment) Act 1947 and first used at the 1948 general election . It succeeded the constituency of Limerick , which was divided between Limerick East and Limerick West .
It encompassed the whole of Limerick City Council , together with the Castleconnell electoral area and part of the Bruff electoral area of Limerick County Council and the Ballyglass electoral area of Clare County Council . It was primarily an urban constituency but had a large rural hinterland, and contained small parts of County Clare .
The constituency elected 4 deputies (Teachtaí Dála , commonly known as TDs) from 1948 to 1981, and 5 deputies from 1981 to 2011.
While support for left-wing parties has usually been strong in the city of Limerick, the constituency as a whole was long considered a stronghold of the Progressive Democrats (PDs), electing at least one PD TD in all general elections from 1987 until 2007.
The Constituency Commission published its final recommendations on 23 October 2007. As a result of population decline, Limerick East was replaced by a 4-seat constituency called Limerick City . Most of the rural parts of Limerick East were transferred to the new Limerick constituency .
Limerick East – Constituency boundaries
1948–1961
1961–1969
1969–1981
1981–2011
TDs
Note: The columns in this table are used only for presentational purposes, and no significance should be attached to the order of columns. For details of the order in which seats were won at each election, see the detailed results of that election.
Elections
2007 general election
2007 general election : Limerick East
Party
Candidate
FPv%
Count
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Fianna Fáil
Willie O'Dea
38.6
19,082
Fine Gael
Michael Noonan
15.2
7,507
8,484
Labour
Jan O'Sullivan
10.3
5,098
6,236
6,271
6,352
6,556
7,236
8,114
9,051
Fine Gael
Kieran O'Donnell
10.3
5,094
5,566
5,584
5,644
5,816
6,148
6,498
6,966
Fianna Fáil
Peter Power
7.2
3,569
8,669
Progressive Democrats
Tim O'Malley
6.8
3,354
4,211
4,268
4,308
4,387
4,526
4,670
5,776
Sinn Féin
Maurice Quinlivan
4.2
2,081
2,480
2,494
2,513
2,686
2,839
Fianna Fáil
Noreen Ryan
2.8
1,391
2,943
3,245
3,278
3,419
3,536
4,110
Green
Trish Forde Brennan
2.6
1,296
1,420
1,425
1,432
1,619
Independent politicians in Ireland
John Devane
0.7
330
457
461
469
Independent politicians in Ireland
Cathal McCarthy
0.4
188
232
233
236
Independent politicians in Ireland
Denis Riordan
0.4
186
207
209
210
Christian Solidarity
Conor O'Donoghue
0.4
171
202
203
205
Independent politicians in Ireland
Patrick Moore
0.1
28
38
Electorate: 76,874 Valid: 49,375 Spoilt: 431 (0.9%) Quota: 8,230 Turnout: 49,806 (64.8%)
2002 general election
2002 general election : Limerick East
Party
Candidate
FPv%
Count
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Fianna Fáil
Willie O'Dea
26.3
13,174
Fine Gael
Michael Noonan
18.9
9,451
Progressive Democrats
Tim O'Malley
9.8
4,885
5,327
5,415
5,490
5,506
5,631
5,782
5,872
6,324
6,953
7,723
Labour
Jan O'Sullivan
9.3
4,629
5,048
5,193
5,255
5,356
5,715
5,927
6,323
6,958
7,256
7,467
Fine Gael
Mary Jackman
8.9
4,468
4,712
5,409
5,497
5,529
5,657
5,842
5,979
6,569
6,986
7,162
Fianna Fáil
Peter Power
7.8
3,881
5,838
5,879
5,969
6,007
6,080
6,253
6,425
6,851
9,491
Fianna Fáil
Eddie Wade
5.8
2,918
4,029
4,042
4,084
4,105
4,134
4,266
4,323
4,529
Independent politicians in Ireland
Patrick Kennedy
4.2
2,092
2,313
2,366
2,434
2,567
2,650
2,840
3,379
Independent politicians in Ireland
John Gilligan
2.3
1,176
1,315
1,333
1,379
1,576
1,680
1,920
Ind. Health Alliance
Tom Ryan
2.3
1,148
1,269
1,289
1,361
1,405
1,478
Green
Timothy Hourigan
1.8
917
970
985
1,053
1,077
Independent politicians in Ireland
Michael Kelly
1.3
677
736
751
764
National Party
Nora Bennis
1.0
479
536
545
Christian Solidarity
Conor O'Donoghue
0.2
86
95
96
Independent politicians in Ireland
Aidan Ryan
0.1
19
27
29
Electorate: 80,593 Valid: 50,000 Spoilt: 513 (1.0%) Quota: 8,334 Turnout: 50,513 (62.7%)
1998 by-election
Following the death of Labour Party TD Jim Kemmy , a by-election was held on 11 March 1998. The seat was won by the Labour Party candidate Jan O'Sullivan.
1998 by-election : Limerick East
Party
Candidate
FPv%
Count
1
2
3
4
5
Labour
Jan O'Sullivan
24.9
10,619
11,444
13,724
14,967
22,888
Fine Gael
Mary Jackman
24.5
10,445
10,870
11,591
12,860
Fianna Fáil
Sandra Marsh
23.8
10,173
10,852
11,328
13,117
15,188
Progressive Democrats
Tim O'Malley
10.0
4,287
4,578
4,913
Democratic Left
John Ryan
9.1
3,868
4,507
Sinn Féin
Jenny Marie Shapland
2.1
909
Independent politicians in Ireland
John Gilligan
2.0
850
National Party
Nora Bennis
1.6
700
Green
Eric Sheppard
1.3
546
Independent politicians in Ireland
Barney Sheehan
0.5
198
Independent politicians in Ireland
Noel Hannon
0.3
108
Electorate: 78,062 Valid: 42,703 Quota: 21,352 Turnout: 54.7%
1997 general election
1997 general election : Limerick East
Party
Candidate
FPv%
Count
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Fianna Fáil
Willie O'Dea
25.3
12,581
Fine Gael
Michael Noonan
20.3
10,092
Fianna Fáil
Eddie Wade
9.7
4,798
6,600
6,655
6,768
7,034
7,360
7,451
9,632
Progressive Democrats
Desmond J. O'Malley
8.8
4,358
4,836
4,981
5,063
5,278
6,561
6,714
7,478
8,419
Democratic Left
John Ryan
6.9
3,403
3,682
3,809
3,994
4,092
4,129
4,562
4,756
4,873
4,904
Fine Gael
Mary Jackman
6.2
3,084
3,209
4,208
4,327
4,599
4,755
5,106
5,330
5,459
5,519
6,499
Labour
Jim Kemmy
5.4
2,702
2,933
3,153
3,329
3,439
3,509
4,625
4,875
5,003
5,047
7,173
Fianna Fáil
Peter Power
4.8
2,362
3,340
3,393
3,483
3,784
3,903
3,993
Labour
Jan O'Sullivan
3.8
1,866
1,984
2,115
2,292
2,353
2,383
Progressive Democrats
Edmond Creighton
3.7
1,817
1,959
1,988
2,021
2,150
National Party
Nora Bennis
3.1
1,533
1,610
1,637
1,730
Green
Eric Sheppard
1.6
802
843
858
Independent politicians in Ireland
Noel Raymond Hannan
0.4
195
217
222
Independent politicians in Ireland
Denis Riordan
0.2
108
112
114
Electorate: 76,705 Valid: 49,701 Spoilt: 348 (0.7%) Quota: 8,284 Turnout: 50,049 (65.3%)
1992 general election
1992 general election : Limerick East
Party
Candidate
FPv%
Count
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Fianna Fáil
Willie O'Dea
22.7
10,990
Progressive Democrats
Desmond J. O'Malley
17.2
8,304
Labour
Jim Kemmy
17.1
8,262
Fine Gael
Michael Noonan
11.2
5,437
5,650
5,664
5,697
5,715
5,725
5,792
5,829
5,936
7,379
8,627
Progressive Democrats
Peadar Clohessy
9.0
4,334
4,607
4,631
4,804
4,814
4,847
4,885
4,912
4,996
5,322
6,175
6,630
Fianna Fáil
Eddie Wade
7.5
3,637
5,605
5,617
5,625
5,630
5,685
5,782
5,840
5,941
6,060
6,435
6,548
Labour
Jan O'Sullivan
6.4
3,091
3,308
3,320
3,336
3,484
3,528
3,566
3,726
4,099
4,353
Fine Gael
Mary Jackman
6.2
2,110
2,196
2,197
2,207
2,214
2,221
2,253
2,276
2,324
Democratic Left
John Ryan
1.7
835
919
940
942
949
989
1,017
1,130
Independent politicians in Ireland
Joe Harrington
0.8
370
413
420
422
428
576
601
Independent politicians in Ireland
Augustine Moore
1.0
463
477
481
481
482
496
Sinn Féin
Tom Clancy
0.8
400
422
425
426
427
Independent politicians in Ireland
Jude Williams
0.2
118
129
Electorate: 71,136 Valid: 48,351 Spoilt: 721 (1.5%) Quota: 8,059 Turnout: 49,072 (69.0%)
1989 general election
1989 general election : Limerick East
Party
Candidate
FPv%
Count
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Fianna Fáil
Willie O'Dea
20.8
9,658
Democratic Socialist
Jim Kemmy
19.8
9,168
Progressive Democrats
Desmond J. O'Malley
18.1
8,385
Fine Gael
Michael Noonan
12.5
5,805
5,936
6,286
6,590
6,714
6,937
9,124
Progressive Democrats
Peadar Clohessy
9.1
4,233
4,420
4,769
5,047
5,507
5,709
6,266
7,517
Fianna Fáil
Eddie Wade
6.6
3,073
4,030
4,097
4,179
4,195
6,240
6,396
6,545
Fine Gael
Mary Jackman
5.9
2,715
2,794
2,929
3,122
3,168
3,309
Fianna Fáil
Tony Bromell
5.0
2,298
2,829
2,926
3,010
3,025
Labour
Declan Leddin
2.2
1,006
1,055
1,501
Electorate: 66,471 Valid: 46,341 Spoilt: 499 (1.1%) Quota: 7,724 Turnout: 46,840 (70.5%)
1987 general election
1987 general election : Limerick East
Party
Candidate
FPv%
%
Seat
Count
Progressive Democrats
Desmond O'Malley
12,358
24.9
1
1
Fianna Fáil
Willie O'Dea
9,268
18.7
2
1
Progressive Democrats
Peadar Clohessy
6,069
12.2
3
Democratic Socialist
Jim Kemmy
5,920
11.9
4
Fine Gael
Michael Noonan
5,913
11.9
5
Fine Gael
Tom O'Donnell
2,968
6.0
Labour
Frank Prendergast
2,201
4.4
Fianna Fáil
Richard O'Flaherty
2,111
4.3
Fianna Fáil
Michael Parkes
1,254
2.5
Sinn Féin
Pádraig Malone
565
1.1
Independent politicians in Ireland
Martin Nugent
353
0.7
Workers' Party of Ireland
Fergal Grant
246
0.5
Independent politicians in Ireland
Declan O'Lehane
241
0.5
Independent politicians in Ireland
Denis Riordan
87
0.2
Independent politicians in Ireland
John Donovan
59
0.1
Electorate: ? Valid: 49,613 Quota: 8,269 Turnout:
November 1982 general election
November 1982 general election : Limerick East
Party
Candidate
FPv%
%
Seat
Count
Fianna Fáil
Desmond O'Malley
10,615
22.5
1
1
Fine Gael
Tom O'Donnell
9,058
19.2
2
1
Fianna Fáil
Willie O'Dea
7,306
15.5
3
Fine Gael
Michael Noonan
5,631
11.9
4
Labour
Frank Prendergast
4,793
10.2
5
Democratic Socialist
Jim Kemmy
4,125
8.7
Fianna Fáil
Michael Herbert
3,204
6.8
Fine Gael
John O'Sullivan
1,308
2.8
Fianna Fáil
John Bourke
859
1.8
Independent politicians in Ireland
Richard Power
177
0.4
Independent politicians in Ireland
Patrick Moore
145
0.3
Electorate: ? Valid: 47,221 Quota: 7,871 Turnout:
February 1982 general election
February 1982 general election : Limerick East
Party
Candidate
FPv%
%
Seat
Count
Fianna Fáil
Desmond O'Malley
9,049
19.1
1
1
Fine Gael
Tom O'Donnell
8,514
18.0
2
1
Fianna Fáil
Willie O'Dea
7,425
15.7
3
Democratic Socialist
Jim Kemmy
6,502
13.7
4
Fianna Fáil
Peadar Clohessy
4,947
10.5
Fine Gael
Michael Noonan
4,527
9.6
5
Labour
Michael Lipper
2,684
5.7
Fine Gael
Patrick Kennedy
1,938
4.1
Independent politicians in Ireland
John Frawley
676
1.4
Independent politicians in Ireland
Win Harrington
516
1.1
Independent politicians in Ireland
John Gilligan
343
0.7
Independent politicians in Ireland
Joseph Harrington
215
0.5
Electorate: ? Valid: 47,336 Quota: 7,890 Turnout:
1981 general election
1981 general election : Limerick East
Party
Candidate
FPv%
%
Seat
Count
Fine Gael
Tom O'Donnell
9,915
20.4
1
Fianna Fáil
Desmond O'Malley
9,346
19.2
2
Fianna Fáil
Peadar Clohessy
5,256
10.8
5
Fine Gael
Michael Noonan
4,311
8.9
3
Fianna Fáil
Willie O'Dea
4,297
8.8
Democratic Socialist
Jim Kemmy
4,190
8.6
4
Labour
Michael Lipper
2,905
6.0
Labour
Frank Prendergast
2,840
5.8
Fine Gael
Richard Hourigan
2,184
4.5
Fianna Fáil
Éamonn Cregan
1,636
3.4
Independent politicians in Ireland
John Frawley
866
1.8
Independent politicians in Ireland
Joseph Harrington
844
1.7
Electorate: ? Valid: 48,590 Quota: 8,099 Turnout:
1977 general election
1977 general election : Limerick East
Party
Candidate
FPv%
Count
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Fianna Fáil
Desmond O'Malley
19.5
8,762
8,765
8,788
8,860
8,900
8,994
Fine Gael
Tom O'Donnell
14.6
6,571
6,573
6,585
6,692
7,302
7,374
7,636
10,169
Fianna Fáil
Michael Herbert
14.0
6,293
6,306
6,321
6,377
6,405
6,474
6,640
6,786
7,105
7,342
Fianna Fáil
Peadar Clohessy
12.2
5,488
5,497
5,512
5,540
5,572
5,610
5,722
5,778
6,090
6,249
Independent politicians in Ireland
Michael Lipper
11.6
5,224
5,257
5,322
5,429
5,575
6,023
7,608
8,049
9,775
Labour
Stephen Coughlan
7.9
3,553
3,555
3,565
3,618
3,693
3,786
4,008
4,380
Fine Gael
Ted Russell
6.7
3,022
3,024
3,030
3,097
3,403
3,521
3,684
Democratic Socialist
Jim Kemmy
5.2
2,333
2,348
2,413
2,476
2,530
2,920
Independent politicians in Ireland
Michael Crowe
2.9
1,325
1,335
1,358
1,408
1,447
Fine Gael
Patrick Kennedy
2.9
1,302
1,303
1,307
1,357
Independent politicians in Ireland
Win Harrington
1.4
646
657
677
Sinn Féin The Workers' Party
Fergus Reynolds
0.6
262
280
Independent politicians in Ireland
Joseph Harrington
0.3
122
Electorate: 57,023 Valid: 44,903 Spoilt: 217 (0.5%) Quota: 8,981 Turnout: 45,120 (79.1%)
1973 general election
1973 general election : Limerick East
Party
Candidate
FPv%
%
Seat
Count
Fianna Fáil
Desmond O'Malley
7,806
21.0
1
1
Fine Gael
Tom O'Donnell
6,841
18.4
2
Labour
Stephen Coughlan
5,495
14.8
4
Fianna Fáil
Michael Herbert
4,532
12.2
3
Fine Gael
Ted Russell
3,523
9.5
Labour
Michael Lipper
3,292
8.9
Fianna Fáil
Peadar Clohessy
3,242
8.7
Fine Gael
Patrick Kennedy
2,456
6.6
Electorate: ? Valid: 37,187 Quota: 7,438 Turnout:
1969 general election
1969 general election : Limerick East
Party
Candidate
FPv%
%
Seat
Count
Fine Gael
Tom O'Donnell
6,438
17.9
1
Labour
Stephen Coughlan
6,362
17.7
2
Fianna Fáil
Desmond O'Malley
5,960
16.6
3
Fianna Fáil
Michael Herbert
4,985
13.9
4
Independent politicians in Ireland
Hilda O'Malley
3,361
9.4
Labour
Michael Lipper
3,222
9.0
Fianna Fáil
Liam Hickey
2,838
7.9
Fine Gael
Patrick Kennedy
1,821
5.1
Fine Gael
Patrick Clancy
560
1.6
Labour
Anthony Pratschke
366
1.0
Electorate: ? Valid: 35,913 Quota: 7,183 Turnout:
1968 by-election
Following the death of Fianna Fáil TD Donogh O'Malley , a by-election was held on 22 May 1968. The seat was won by the Fianna Fáil candidate Desmond O'Malley, nephew of the deceased TD.
1968 by-election : Limerick East
Party
Candidate
FPv%
Count
1
2
3
Fianna Fáil
Desmond O'Malley
43.7
16,638
16,828
18,447
Labour
Michael Lipper
26.7
10,151
10,760
17,520
Fine Gael
James F. O'Higgins
26.4
10,039
10,335
Liberal
Mick B. Crowe
3.2
1,209
Electorate: 46,798 Valid: 38,037 Quota: 19,019 Turnout: 81.28%
1965 general election
1961 general election
1957 general election
1957 general election : Limerick East
Party
Candidate
FPv%
%
Seat
Count
Fianna Fáil
Donogh O'Malley
7,501
20.7
1
1
Independent politicians in Ireland
Ted Russell
5,623
15.5
3
Fianna Fáil
Paddy Clohessy
5,178
14.3
2
Fine Gael
John Carew
4,193
11.6
4
Fianna Fáil
Patrick Maguire
3,455
9.5
Clann na Poblachta
Stephen Coughlan
3,395
9.4
Sinn Féin
Pádraig Ó Maolcathaigh
3,085
8.5
Labour
Christopher Keyes
2,098
5.8
Fine Gael
Patrick Donegan
1,690
4.7
Electorate: ? Valid: 36,218 Quota: 7,244 Turnout:
1954 general election
1954 general election : Limerick East
Party
Candidate
FPv%
%
Seat
Count
Fianna Fáil
Donogh O'Malley
6,860
18.1
2
Clann na Poblachta
Stephen Coughlan
5,652
14.9
Fine Gael
John Carew
5,362
14.2
1
Labour
Michael Keyes
5,035
13.3
4
Fianna Fáil
Tadhg Crowley
4,857
12.8
3
Fianna Fáil
Paddy Clohessy
4,458
11.8
Fine Gael
James Reidy
3,196
8.5
Fine Gael
Denis Quish
2,402
6.4
Electorate: ? Valid: 37,822 Quota: 7,565 Turnout:
1952 by-election
Following the death of Fianna Fáil TD Daniel Bourke , a by-election was held on 26 June 1952. The seat was won by the Fine Gael candidate John Carew.
1952 by-election : Limerick East
Party
Candidate
FPv%
Count
1
2
3
Fianna Fáil
Tom Clarke
41.6
15,964
16,546
17,337
Fine Gael
John Carew
34.2
13,130
14,120
19,749
Clann na Poblachta
Ted Russell
16.9
6,465
7,523
Labour
John Hayes
7.3
2,785
Electorate: 48,730 Valid: 38,344 Quota: 19,173 Turnout: 78.69%
1951 general election
1951 general election : Limerick East
Party
Candidate
FPv%
Count
1
2
3
4
Fianna Fáil
Daniel Bourke
19.6
7,268
7,471
Labour
Michael Keyes
17.0
6,295
6,790
7,275
7,973
Fianna Fáil
Tadhg Crowley
14.2
5,266
5,456
9,601
Clann na Poblachta
Ted Russell
13.5
5,017
5,331
5,502
5,740
Fianna Fáil
Robert Ryan
13.4
4,982
5,159
Fine Gael
James Reidy
11.3
4,196
6,832
7,041
7,221
Fine Gael
George C. Bennett
11.0
4,079
Electorate: 50,132 Valid: 37,103 Quota: 7,421 Turnout: 74.01%
1948 general election
1948 general election : Limerick East
Party
Candidate
FPv%
Count
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Fianna Fáil
Daniel Bourke
22.0
8,128
Labour
Michael Keyes
15.6
5,756
5,806
5,871
6,118
6,553
7,066
7,612
Fine Gael
James Reidy
12.2
4,496
4,521
4,557
4,645
4,828
4,899
7,794
Fianna Fáil
Robert Ryan
11.4
4,187
4,375
4,396
4,461
4,859
7,832
Fianna Fáil
Tadhg Crowley
9.3
3,420
3,866
3,902
4,002
4,105
Fine Gael
George C. Bennett
9.0
3,326
3,333
3,380
3,417
4,230
4,433
Clann na Poblachta
Ted Russell
7.5
2,777
2,786
3,236
4,559
4,784
4,894
5,191
Clann na Talmhan
Patrick Donegan
5.8
2,131
2,135
2,157
2,238
Clann na Poblachta
Seán Carroll
4.2
1,533
1,554
1,989
Clann na Poblachta
Thomas Malone
3.1
1,125
1,127
Electorate: 49,565 Valid: 36,879 Quota: 7,376 Turnout: 74.41%
See also
References
"Electoral (Amendment) Act 2005: Schedule" . Irish Statute Book database . Retrieved 24 September 2010.
"Report on Dáil and European Parliament Constituencies 2007" (PDF). Constituency Commission . 23 October 2007. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 November 2007. Retrieved 30 June 2010.
"Electoral (Amendment) Act 2009: Schedule" . Irish Statute Book database . Retrieved 29 September 2010.
Walker, Brian M, ed. (1992). Parliamentary election results in Ireland, 1918–92 . Dublin: Royal Irish Academy. ISBN 0-901714-96-8 . ISSN 0332-0286 .
"General election 1948: Limerick East" . ElectionsIreland.org . Retrieved 30 September 2010.
"General election 1951: Limerick East" . ElectionsIreland.org . Retrieved 30 September 2010.
"By-election 1952: Limerick East" . ElectionsIreland.org . Retrieved 30 September 2010.
^ "General election 1954: Limerick East" . ElectionsIreland.org . Retrieved 30 September 2010.
^ "General election 1957: Limerick East" . ElectionsIreland.org . Retrieved 30 September 2010.
^ "General election 1961: Limerick East" . ElectionsIreland.org . Retrieved 30 September 2010.
^ "General election 1965: Limerick East" . ElectionsIreland.org . Retrieved 30 September 2010.
"By-election 1968: Limerick East" . ElectionsIreland.org . Retrieved 30 September 2010.
^ "General election 1969: Limerick East" . ElectionsIreland.org . Retrieved 30 September 2010.
^ "General election 1973: Limerick East" . ElectionsIreland.org . Retrieved 30 September 2010.
^ "General election 1977: Limerick East" . ElectionsIreland.org . Retrieved 30 September 2010.
^ "General election 1981: Limerick East" . ElectionsIreland.org . Retrieved 30 September 2010.
^ "General election February 1982: Limerick East" . ElectionsIreland.org . Retrieved 30 September 2010.
^ "General election November 1982: Limerick East" . ElectionsIreland.org . Retrieved 30 September 2010.
^ "General election 1987: Limerick East" . ElectionsIreland.org . Retrieved 30 September 2010.
"General election 1989: Limerick East" . ElectionsIreland.org . Retrieved 30 September 2010.
"General election 1992: Limerick East" . ElectionsIreland.org . Retrieved 23 February 2009.
"General election 1997: Limerick East" . ElectionsIreland.org . Retrieved 23 February 2009.
"By-election 1998: Limerick East" . ElectionsIreland.org . Retrieved 4 August 2010.
^ "General election 2002: Limerick East" . ElectionsIreland.org . Retrieved 23 February 2009.
^ "General election 2007: Limerick East" . ElectionsIreland.org . Retrieved 23 February 2009.
Government of Ireland,https://data.oireachtas.ie/ie/oireachtas/electoralProcess/electionResults/dail/2002/2002-07-21_dail-general-election-may-2002-results-and-transfer-of-votes_en.pdf
Government of Ireland (1998). 28th Dáil General Election June, 1997 Election Results and Transfer of Votes . Stationery Office, Government of Ireland.
Government of Ireland (1993). Dáil General Election November, 1992 Election Results and Transfer of Votes in the General Election for the Twenty-Seventh Dáil . Stationery Office, Government of Ireland.
Government of Ireland (1990). Election Results and Transfer of Votes in General Election (June, 1989) For Twenty-Sixth Dáil . Stationery Office, Government of Ireland.
The Irish Times , 20 June 1977, p7–10
^ Gallagher, Michael (2009). Irish Elections 1948–77: Results and Analysis Sources for the Study of Irish Politics 2 . Routledge. ISBN 9781138973343 .
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